Mid-upper arm circumference as a simple tool for identifying central obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

Zhu, Yanhua; Lin, Qian; Zhang, Yao; Deng, Hongrong; Hu, Xiling; Yang, Xubin; Yao, Bin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231308

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Our findings are in line with existing literature on the association between leg adiposity and various cardiometabolic conditions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. While prior studies have generally not focused on BP or hypertension as a primary outcome, they have consistently reported inverse associations between leg adiposity measures and metabolic risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In fact, Han et al [ 25 ], using the Korean NHANES, showed that leg/total% displayed the strongest association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Interestingly, studies that additionally assessed arm adiposity have found no significant association, and in some cases positive associations, with metabolic risk factors [ 17 , 20 , 32 , 33 ]. Our findings also corroborate a positive association between arm/total% and SBP and hypertension that was later attenuated by adjustment for cardiometabolic risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Truncal, visceral adiposity, often estimated by waist circumference, has been consistently positively associated with cardiometabolic conditions [11,12]. Leg adiposity, on the other hand, has been inversely associated with cardiometabolic factors such as insulin resistance [13][14][15][16][17], metabolic syndrome [18][19][20], and cardiovascular disease & mortality [21][22][23][24][25][26] in several cross-sectional studies, albeit of questionable clinical significance. Additionally, the majority of leg adiposity is subcutaneous fat, which has been shown to be metabolically distinct to visceral adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults

Visaria

Maniar

et al. 2022

Clin Hypertens

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Background We sought to determine the association between appendicular adiposity and hypertension, with the purpose of better understanding the role of body fat distribution on blood pressure (BP). Methods We included 7411 adults aged 20 to 59 who were not taking antihypertensives and without cardiovascular disease from the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Leg & arm adiposity, determined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, was defined as percent of total body fat present in legs/arms (leg/total%, arm/total%). Measures were categorized into sex-specific tertiles. We estimated change in BP and odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension (BP ≥ 130/80) and hypertension subtypes using multivariable, survey design-adjusted linear & logistic regression, respectively. Results Of the participants, 49% were female, the average (standard deviation) age was 37.4 (0.3) years, and 24% had hypertension. Those in the highest tertile (T3) of leg/total% had 30% decreased adjusted ORs (aOR) of hypertension compared to the lowest tertile (T1; aOR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.55–0.89). This association was not significant for arm/total% (0.89, 0.68–1.17). T3 of leg/total% was associated with 49% lower, 41% lower, and unchanged relative odds of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) compared to T1 (IDH: 0.51, 0.37–0.70; SDH: 0.59, 0.43–0.80; ISH: 1.06, 0.70–1.59). For every 10% increase in leg/total%, diastolic BP decreased by an adjusted mean 3.5 mmHg (95% CI, − 4.8 to − 2.2) in males and 1.8 mmHg (95% CI, − 2.8 to − 0.8) in females (P < 0.001 for both). Conclusions A greater proportional distribution of fat around the legs is inversely, independently associated with hypertension, and more specifically, diastolic hypertension (IDH and SDH).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults

Visaria

Maniar

et al. 2022

Clin Hypertens

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“…Furthermore, the estimate formula using BMI and UC has the highest values of R 2 , which is an index used to evaluate the suitability of multiple regression analysis. It has been reported that the mid upper arm circumference is associated with WC as central obesity [23] . Therefore, the estimate formula using BMI and UC may have the highest values of suitability from the multiple regression analysis in this study.…”

Section: Limb Circumferencementioning

confidence: 98%

Development of Estimate Formulas for Waist Circumference Using Body Mass Index and Limb Circumferences in Hospitalized Older Adults

2021

IJOAR

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Background: Little research has been conducted on the estimate formulas for waist circumference using body mass index and limb circumferences in hospitalized older adults. Thus, we conducted the present study to develop estimate formulas of waist circumference using body mass index and limb circumferences in hospitalized older adults. Methods: Forty hospitalized older patients were recruited in this cross-sectional study. We measured waist circumference, body mass index, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, thigh circumference, and calf circumference. The estimate formulas for waist circumference were developed using simple and multiple regression analysis. Results: Simple regression analysis indicated that body mass index, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, thigh circumference, and calf circumference were independent explanators for waist circumference (p < 0.05 for all). In addition, body mass index, upper arm circumference, and forearm circumference but not thigh circumference and calf circumference were extracted as independent explanators for waist circumference in multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05). We were able to develop the estimate formulas using body mass index, upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, thigh circumference, and calf circumference. Conclusion: The results suggest that the estimate formulas for waist circumference may provide an opportunity to easily evaluate waist circumference, even in hospitalized older adults with kyphosis posture. However, future studies should be conducted to develop the estimate formulas for waist circumference with a lower error value.

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“…[76] obwód środkowy ramienia jest dodatnio skorelowany z asymetryczną dimetyloargininą wiązaną z chorobami układu sercowo-naczyniowego [77]. Jest skutecznym narzędziem do oceny otyłości centralnej [78] oraz insulinooporności u pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 [79]. Wskaźnik ten jest wiązany z występowaniem wyższego stężenia kwasu moczowego oraz cholesterolu o niskiej gęstości i niższymi wartościami lipoprotein o wysokiej gęstości [79].…”

Section: Obwód śRodkowy Ramienia -Muac (Mid-upper Arm Circumference)unclassified

Anthropometric indicators associated with childhood obesity. Is it time for a BMI successor?

Walczyk

2021

J Educ Health Sport

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Childhood obesity and overweight have a wide impact on physical and mental health, and affect adulthood. In the last decade, scientists have been looking with concern at the increasingly frequent excess body weight in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial to estimate the scale of the problem, and thus to correctly assess the level of adipose tissue. In assessing the nutritional status of the young, anthropometric measurements and indicators are used. Despite the widespread use of BMI (body mass index), this indicator is often criticized. BMI is frequently recognized as an imprecise tool and its use often results in misleading classification. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present selected, non-invasive anthropometric indicators related to overweight/obesity in children.Anthropometric indicators are relatively simple tools used in public health. However, the search for a simple and useful indicator is still ongoing, which will enable the assessment of the nutritional status both in clinical practice and in population studies. The paper presents the most frequently described anthropometric indicators in the literature: body mass index (BMI) and BMIz score, relative fat mass pediatric (RFMp), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), pediatric body adiposity fat index (BAIp) and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUCA). The possibilities of application and their effectiveness for the estimation of adipose tissue content and the risk of coexisting diseases are presented.Although there is no consensus on the best tool, it is known that BMI will remain the main parameter in assessing nutritional status. Nevertheless, the authors suggest the usefulness of tools such as RFMp, TMI and MUAC as a good complement to the imperfections ascribed to BMI.

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Mid-upper arm circumference as a simple tool for identifying central obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults

Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults

Development of Estimate Formulas for Waist Circumference Using Body Mass Index and Limb Circumferences in Hospitalized Older Adults

Anthropometric indicators associated with childhood obesity. Is it time for a BMI successor?

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