Mid‐Arm Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Associated with All‐Cause Mortality Independent of BMI: A Prospective Cohort Study

He, Liyun; Yang, Na; Wang, Jialu; Huang, Jingyue; Li, Wei; Xu, Lingling; Ping, Fan; Li, Yuxiu; Zhang, Huabing

doi:10.1002/oby.23179

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Mid-arm measurements (MUAC) are a reliable substitution of body mass or muscle mass ( 43 ). We found that MAMC enhance the capacity of the TSF model to predict mortality, which is consistent with the findings in a large Chinese cohort ( 20 ). MAMC significantly improved the performance of the Cox proportional hazards model in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness is an economical and convenient measurement to assess trunk and overall obesity. TSF could be used as a reasonable surrogate to investigate the relationship between subcutaneous fat and mortality ( 20 ). However, the relationship between TSF thickness and all-cause mortality is debatable in the existing studies ( 13 , 20 – 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TSF could be used as a reasonable surrogate to investigate the relationship between subcutaneous fat and mortality ( 20 ). However, the relationship between TSF thickness and all-cause mortality is debatable in the existing studies ( 13 , 20 – 22 ). Besides, there are very few studies to explore its associations with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Adult Triceps Skinfold Thickness and All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality in NHANES 1999–2010: A Retrospective National Study

Yin

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Background:The association between triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness and mortality in previous studies was controversial. This study aimed to explore how TSF thickness affects all-cause, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular mortality among the United States (U.S.) general population.MethodsOur research included 25,954 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2010. Participants were categorized by the baseline TSF quartiles [quartile 1 (Q1): < 11.8, (Q2): 11.8–17.4, (Q3): 17.4–25, and (Q4): ≥25; unit: millimeter (mm)]. Cox regression models were used to assess the association of TSF with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular mortality. The association between mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and mortality was also explored. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess heterogeneity in different subgroups.ResultsThe highest TSF group (Q4) had the lowest risk to experience all-cause (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.38–0.59; P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.23–0.54; P < 0.001) than the lowest TSF group (Q1) after multivariate adjustment. However, there was no relationship between TSF quartiles and cerebrovascular mortality (HR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.42–2.30; P = 0.97). The protective effects of TSF thickness on mortality still existed after adjusting for BMI and MAMC. For every 1 mm increase in TSF thickness, the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death decreased by 4% (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95–0.97; P < 0.001) and 6% (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93–0.96; P < 0.001), respectively. In the stratified analysis, the relationships between TSF and mortality risk were generally similar across all subgroups.ConclusionsHigher TSF thickness was associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, independent of BMI and MAMC. Our study revealed that the TSF thickness may be a convenient and credible indicator to predict mortality, especially in those with severe cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Adult Triceps Skinfold Thickness and All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality in NHANES 1999–2010: A Retrospective National Study

Yin

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…All measurements were performed by trained health care workers following the World Health Organization‐recommended protocols. 20 , 24 For both MUAC and TST, 3‐time measurements were respectively obtained per participant on the right arm as the first choice, and the average were used for the following analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective cohort study on the association of lean body mass estimated by mid‐upper arm muscle circumference with hypertension risk in Chinese residents

Liu

Sun

2022

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The associations of lean body mass (LBM) with elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension were controversial, and the causalities have never been shown. Mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC), an easily obtained anthropometric measurement, could provide an accurate estimate for LBM. Therefore, a prospective cohort study in general Chinese residents aiming to find out the relationship between LBM estimated using MAMC and hypertension risk was performed. Eight thousand one hundred eighty-five eligible participants were included in the baseline analysis, among whom 3442 were subsequently selected into cohort analysis. MAMC was calculated using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TST). Associations of MAMC with BP values and hypertension prevalence were estimated by linear and logistic regression models. Associations with hypertension incidence were estimated by COX regression models, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were given. Nonlinear relationship between MAMC and hypertension risk was estimated using restricted cubic spline method. Standardized coefficients of MUAC and TST were compared to estimate their strengths of associations with hypertension.Baseline analysis showed that after adjusted for confounders, the increase of systolic

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“…As a marker of decreased muscle mass, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) was calculated by the following standard formula: MAMC = MAC À 3.14 Â TSF. 21 SGA consisted of five parameters corresponding to the medical history, namely, weight and dietary intake changes, gastrointestinal symptoms, functional capacity, nutritional burden-related disease and three parameters with regard to physical examination, including loss of subcutaneous fat, muscle wasting and the presence of oedema/ascites, where weight was still calculated as dry weight. SGA was conducted by well-trained coordinators, and patients were divided into two categories: wellnourished (SGA A) and malnourished (SGA B and C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sarcopenia index is an effective predictor for malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aim: Reliable and valid predictors of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis remain scarce, especially easily accessible blood indicators. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the validity of the sarcopenia index (serum creatinine/ serum cystatin C Â 100) as a tool in assessing the nutritional status of patients with cirrhosis.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 109 patients with cirrhosis who were hospitalised in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2020 to June 2021. Malnutrition was diagnosed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between sarcopenia index and malnutrition. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of sarcopenia index. By contrast, we evaluated the subjective global assessment and traditional nutrition-related indicators. Results: Of the 109 included patients, 71 (65.1%) were diagnosed with malnutrition. The sarcopenia index was significantly lower in malnourished patients (56.39 ± 15.23) compared with well-nourished patients (74.95 ± 13.18, p < 0.001). In addition, the sarcopenia index was independently correlated with malnutrition (p < 0.001). The sarcopenia index was a good tool to predict malnutrition (area under curve = 0.833), which performed better than the subjective global assessment (area under curve = 0.782) and cholinesterase (area under curve = 0.812). A low sarcopenia index indicated longer hospital stay and higher risk of 90-day re-hospitalisation. Conclusion:Malnutrition is highly prevalent in this population. The sarcopenia index seems to be a good predictor in nutritional assessment of patients with cirrhosis.

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Mid‐Arm Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Associated with All‐Cause Mortality Independent of BMI: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Associations Between Adult Triceps Skinfold Thickness and All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality in NHANES 1999–2010: A Retrospective National Study

Associations Between Adult Triceps Skinfold Thickness and All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality in NHANES 1999–2010: A Retrospective National Study

A prospective cohort study on the association of lean body mass estimated by mid‐upper arm muscle circumference with hypertension risk in Chinese residents

The sarcopenia index is an effective predictor for malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis

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