Microwave sintering of metal powders

Agrawal, Dinesh Kumar

doi:10.1533/9780857098900.3.361

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The microwave sintering process showed appealing results for the densification, 1-8 synthesis, 9 assembling, 10 annealing 11 of various materials and for the achievement of enhanced materials properties. [12][13][14] A wide range of ceramic, [15][16][17][18] metallic, [19][20][21][22][23][24] polymeric, 25,26 composite 27,28 material systems have been successfully fabricated by this technology. Compared to the conventional sintering (utilizing a convective indirect heating [29][30][31] pattern), a volume and direct microwave heating 1,3 of the sample is applicable with potentially high heating rates 32 of about 100 K/min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO₂

2017

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Direct and hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO2 are comparatively studied at frequency of 2.45 GHz. Using the continuum theory of sintering, a fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical (EMTM) finite element simulation is carried out to predict powder samples deformation during their microwave processing. Direct and hybrid heating configurations are computationally tested using advanced heat transfer simulation tools including the surface to surface thermal radiation boundary conditions and a numeric proportional‐integral‐derivative regulation (PID). The developed modeling framework shows a good agreement of the calculation results with the known experimental data on the microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO2 in terms of the densification kinetics. It is shown that the direct heating configuration renders highly hot spot effects resulting in nonhomogenous densification causing processed specimen's final shape distortions. Compared with the direct heating, the hybrid heating configuration provides a reduction of the thermal inhomogeneity along with a densification homogenization. As a result of the hybrid heating, the total densification of the specimen is attained without specimen distortions. It is also shown that the reduction of the sample size has a stabilization effect on the temperature and relative density spatial distributions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO₂

2017

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“…Highly efficient microwave energy has successfully been used for sintering of ceramics, 52–54 carbide semimetals, 55 and metals. 56–59 Microwave heating process is low cost, lower processing time with large through-put rates, and much more efficient. In contrast to conventional heating methods, microwaves are capable of directing volumetric heating of the part, hundred times faster than conventional heating, while cool-down time is still same; consequently, HSS can be made with a substantial energy saving.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-speed additive manufacturing approach for achieving high printing speed and accuracy

Nazir

Jeng

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The primary concern of the Industry 4.0 is the direct digital manufacturing of customized products on demand at high production speed, high accuracy with functional material property. Although the unique capabilities of existing additive manufacturing technologies make it suitable for direct digital manufacturing, there are numerous limitations which include low printing speed, less accuracy and repeatability, and a limited selection of materials for a particular application. Therefore, a high-speed additive manufacturing approach is proposed in this paper, that is capable of achieving high speed of production, high accuracy, and surface finish, and functional material property. For better understanding, authors describe those additive manufacturing technologies that are capable of achieving the aforementioned characteristics. For validation, samples of various dimensions were 3D printed on a selective laser sintering and a high-speed multijet fusion 3D printer. The results were compared in the context of printing speed, surface roughness (Ra), and hardness of printed parts. Results revealed that the multijet fusion process is significantly faster than its counterpart while sacrificing Ra to some extent but the hardness of printed parts is not changed significantly. The selective laser sintering-printed samples had a 15% lower Ra compared with multijet fusion samples. The results also revealed that the multijet fusion process might be able to print composite/multi-materials; however, more research needs to be done.

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“…The sintering process by microwave heating has been studied over the last decades, both in the context of basic research 1 and industrial applications, for various materials such as metals, [2][3][4] ceramics, [5][6][7][8][9] and composites 10,11 . Due to the penetration of the electromagnetic wave into the material, this process offers volumetric heating, selective heating, low energy consumption, and short processing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical thermal analysis for direct microwave heating of silicon carbide

et al. 2020

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A comparison between experiment and numerical simulation of microwave heating of a parallelepipedic silicon carbide (SiC) sample is presented. Using a-2.45 GHz single-mode cavity, the evolution of the surface temperature is first experimentally studied for different orientations of the sample. A finite element analysis of this electromagnetic-thermal coupled problem is then conducted with the COMSOL Multiphysics ® software. Despite the different approximations of our model, a good agreement between experimental and numerical results is found, confirming that the heating of SiC depends only on the electric field. The effect of sample orientations and the cavity length on heating is also highlighted and analyzed.

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Microwave sintering of metal powders

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO₂

Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO₂

A high-speed additive manufacturing approach for achieving high printing speed and accuracy

Experimental and numerical thermal analysis for direct microwave heating of silicon carbide

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Microwave sintering of metal powders

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO2

Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO2

A high-speed additive manufacturing approach for achieving high printing speed and accuracy

Experimental and numerical thermal analysis for direct microwave heating of silicon carbide

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Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO₂

Fully coupled electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical comparative simulation of direct vs hybrid microwave sintering of 3Y‐ZrO₂