Microwave ring resonator-based non-contact interface sensor for oil sands applications

Zarifi, Mohammad H.; Rahimi, Mehrnaz; Daneshmand, Mojgan; Thundat, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.10.061

Cited by 89 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This shows that a higher quality factor can indeed be achieved with the metamaterial approach. Furthermore, the SRR-based design agrees with most of the metamaterial-based microwave sensor designs toward a higher quality factor, with typical quality factors varying between 50 and 100 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The resonances from the SRR coupled sensor array are within the band between 2.6 and 3.3 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of about 12%, while for the design with surface-mounted inductors, the fractional bandwidth is over 100% (frequency band between 0.25 and 0.85 GHz).…”

Section: Split-ring Coupled Sensor Arraysupporting

confidence: 59%

“…It has been shown previously that a target can be detected from the reflected signal of a transmission line with multiple capacitive elements [ 6 , 7 ]. A planar structure based on resonators, in particular metamaterial-based ring resonators, has been proposed for various microwave sensing applications [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. For resonator-based sensors, the quality factor of the resonance is a critical parameter in determining the sensitivity of the sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Channel Capacitive Sensor Arrays

Wang

Long

Teo

2016

Sensors

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In this paper, multi-channel capacitive sensor arrays based on microstrip band-stop filters are studied. The sensor arrays can be used to detect the proximity of objects at different positions and directions. Each capacitive sensing structure in the array is connected to an inductive element to form resonance at different frequencies. The resonances are designed to be isolated in the frequency spectrum, such that the change in one channel does not affect resonances at other channels. The inductive element associated with each capacitive sensor can be surface-mounted inductors, integrated microstrip inductors or metamaterial-inspired structures. We show that by using metamaterial split-ring structures coupled to a microstrip line, the quality factor of each resonance can be greatly improved compared to conventional surface-mounted or microstrip meander inductors. With such a microstrip-coupled split-ring design, more sensing elements can be integrated in the same frequency spectrum, and the sensitivity can be greatly improved.

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Section: Split-ring Coupled Sensor Arraysupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Capacitive Sensor Arrays

Wang

Long

Teo

2016

Sensors

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“…Zarifi et al [20] established a microwave planar ring resonator sensor tuned at 5.25 GHz, providing a non-contact method for liquid-liquid interface detection. They demonstrated the applicability of this sensor to interface detection in waterolive oil-ethanol samples representing a wide range of permittivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microwave cavity resonator sensor for water-in-oil measurements

Sharma

Lao

Falcone

2018

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Online monitoring of Water-Liquid Ratio (WLR) in multiphase flow is key in petroleum production, processing and transportation. The usual practice in the field is to manually collect offline samples for laboratory analysis, which delays data availability and prevents real time intervention and optimization. A highly accurate and robust sensing method is needed for online measurements in the lower end of WLR range (0%-5%), especially for fiscal metering and custody transfer of crude oil, as well as to ensure adequate flow assurance prevention and remedial solutions. This requires a highly sensitive sensing principle along with a highly precise measurement instrument, packaged together in a sufficiently robust manner for use in the field. In this paper, a new sensing principle is proposed, based on the open-ended microwave cavity resonator and near wall surface perturbation, for non-intrusive measurement of WLR. In the proposed concept, the electromagnetic fringe field of a cylindrical cavity resonator is used to probe the liquid near the pipe wall. Two of the cylindrical cavity resonance modes, TM010 and TM011 are energized for measurements and the shift in the resonance frequency is used to estimate liquid permittivity and the WLR. Electromagnetic simulations in the microwave frequency range of 4 GHz to 7 GHz are used for proof-of-concept and sensitivity studies. A sensor prototype is fabricated and its functionality demonstrated with flowing oil-water mixtures in the WLR range of 0-5%. The frequency range of the proposed sensors is 4.4-4.6 GHz and 6.1-6.6 GHz for modes TM010 and TM011, respectively. The TM011 mode shows much higher sensitivity (41.6 MHz/WLR) than the TM010 mode (3.8 MHz/WLR). The proposed sensor consists of a 20mm high cylinder, with a diameter of 30mm and Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) filler. The non-intrusiveness of the sensor, along with the high sensitivity in the resonance shift, makes it attractive for practical applications.

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“…Humidity is one of the most important physical parameters for assessment of air quality in indoor and outdoor environments, in agriculture optimization, in food conservation monitoring and in water damage assessment in buildings. Several smart materials have been identified for chipless humidity sensor tags, from Kapton HN [81] to Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) [82], silica-gel [83] and silicon nanowires [58,84,85]. Tags that enable both humidity and temperature monitoring [61,71,86,87] have also been proposed as well as solutions that combine identity tagging with sensing [85].…”

Section: Physical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chipless RFID Sensors for the Internet of Things: Challenges and Opportunities

Mulloni

Donelli

2020

Sensors

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Radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors are one of the fundamental components of the internet of things that aims at connecting every physical object to the cloud for the exchange of information. In this framework, chipless RFIDs are a breakthrough technology because they remove the cost associated with the chip, being at the same time printable, passive, low-power and suitable for harsh environments. After the important results achieved with multibit chipless tags, there is a clear motivation and interest to extend the chipless sensing functionality to physical, chemical, structural and environmental parameters. These potentialities triggered a strong interest in the scientific and industrial community towards this type of application. Temperature and humidity sensors, as well as localization, proximity, and structural health prototypes, have already been demonstrated, and many other sensing applications are foreseen soon. In this review, both the different architectural approaches available for this technology and the requirements related to the materials employed for sensing are summarized. Then, the state-of-the-art of categories of sensors and their applications are reported and discussed. Finally, an analysis of the current limitations and possible solution strategies for this technology are given, together with an overview of expected future developments.

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Microwave ring resonator-based non-contact interface sensor for oil sands applications

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Multi-Channel Capacitive Sensor Arrays

Multi-Channel Capacitive Sensor Arrays

A microwave cavity resonator sensor for water-in-oil measurements

Chipless RFID Sensors for the Internet of Things: Challenges and Opportunities

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