Microwave Reactors: A Brief Review on Its Fundamental Aspects and Applications

Abstract

Improved laboratory protocols for convenient and rapid transformations are highly desired in modern synthetic chemistry. Microwave irradiated reactions have received considerable attention in recent years and it is a subject of intense discussion in the scientific community. Microwave heating is more efficient in terms of the energy used, produces higher temperature homogeneity and is considerably more rapid than conventional heating methods. This technique as an alternative to conventional energy sources for introduction of energy into reactions has become a recognized practical method in various fields of chemistry. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) is known for the spectacular accelerations produced in many reactions as a consequence of the increased heating rate, a phenomenon that cannot be easily reproduced by classical heating means. As a result, higher yields, milder reaction conditions and shorter reaction times can often be attained. Its specific heating method attracts extensive interest not only because of rapid volumetric heating, but also for suppressed side reactions, energy saving, decreased environmental pollutions and safe operations. In this review, we will try to represent an overview on origin and fundamental features of microwave ovens and its usefulness in MAOS.

Green Synthesis of [EMIm]Ac Ionic Liquid for Plasticizing MC-based Biopolymer Electrolyte Membranes

“…This principle is used in microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS). Microwave-assisted heating accelerates producing product with dipole rotation and ionic conduction [24]. MAOS method is promising to ionic liquids synthesis.…”

Feasible glass‐melting process assisted by microwaves

“…Thus, it may be possible processing materials with new or unique microstructure by heating distinct phases in a selectively way, avoiding the use of susceptors, as Mofassal et al achieved. However, Rana and Rana pointed out that large changes in the loss factor of the materials due to temperature changes may involve uncontrolled heating, over firing, deformation, melting, cracking, among other processes, making it very difficult to control the sintering process. This behavior is expected for materials that develop large amounts of glassy phase during heating, such as porcelain based ceramics or glass‐ceramics.…”

A Unique Blend of Water, DES and Ultrasound for One‐Pot Knorr Pyrazole Synthesis and Knoevenagel‐Michael Addition Reaction

“…Focusing on energy conservation, greener energy sources like solar energy, ultrasound (US) and microwave are widely followed . Thus, in quest of environmental benignity and sustainability use of DES and US technique in tandem synthesis takes unquestionable significance.…”