Microwave plasma treatment of NiCuZn ferrite nanoparticles: a novel approach of improving opto-physical and magnetic properties

Statistically Analyzed Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency of Silica-Coated Cu0.50Mg0.50Fe2O4 Magnetic Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment

“…A decrease in agglomeration is due to increased dispersion and reduced magnetic affinity among the nanoparticles due to the silica barrier. The particle size distribution was fine in both samples, confirming the controlled growth and coating of adsorbent nanoparticles . The surface morphology of silica-decorated ferrite nanoparticles was rougher than that of pristine ferrite nanoparticles.…”

Study of Cation Distribution and Photocatalytic Activity of Nonthermal Plasma-Modified NiZnFe2O4 Magnetic Nanocomposites

“…Crystallization of MNPs was measured using a peak with the highest intensity for the (311) plane. The crystallite size can be obtained from XRD data using Scherrer’s formula in eq . , L = 0.89 λ β cos nobreak0em0.25em⁡ θ where λ is the wavelength of incident X-rays, θ is the Bragg angle, β is FWHM, and L is the grain size. The unit cell volume and lattice parameters were used in eq to estimate X-ray density as ρ x = N M V N A Avogadro’s number is indicated by N A .…”

“…The following eq was used to estimate the bulk density of MNPs ρ b = M V where, pellet volume and mass are given by V and M , respectively. By having the above information, one can determine the porosity of the MNPs from eq P o r o s i t y = ( 1 − ρ b ρ x ) × 100 % …”

“…Other than this, the plasma etching effect enhances the surface roughness of nanoparticles, providing a more reactive surface area to accelerate AOPs. In this work, ZnFe 2 O 4 , NiFe 2 O 4 , and NiZnFe 2 O 4 MNPs were produced using sol–gel method − and given microwave plasma (MWP) treatment for 60 min to tailor their cations’ distribution and photocatalytic properties. The distribution of cations was measured from the intensity ratios of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks for different crystal planes.…”

“…When MNPs are introduced to a plasma discharge, they are exposed to different reactive species. These species interact with their surface and activate the surface sites, create surface defects, generate new functional groups and modify the existing ones . The creation of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups under plasma action acts as binding sites for contaminants, making it easier for MNPs to adsorb and oxidize the pollutants in wastewater.…”