Microwave non-destructive testing technique for characterization of HPMC-PEG 3000 films

Wong, Tin Wui; Kunhappan, Deepak; Taib, Mohd Nasir; Anuar, Nor Khaizan

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.05.034

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…It receives a widespread application in food, microbiological, biomedical, analytical and pharmaceutical fields with respect to drying [20], sterilization [21,22], hyperthermia treatment of bladder cell carcinoma, rectal cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia [23][24][25][26], diathermia treatment for pain relief, tendon extensibility improvement, muscle and joint stiffness reduction [27], wound healing [28], endometrial ablation [29], breast tumor detection [30], nanostructure imaging [31], molecular profiling [32,33] and controlled release pharmaceutical dosage form design [4,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave: Effects and Implications in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Anuar¹,

Wong²

2013

PIER

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Abstract-This study investigated transdermal drug delivery mechanisms of pectin and pectin-oleic acid (OA) gels and their effects on skin barrier treated by microwave. Hydrophilic pectin-sulphanilamide gels, with or without OA penetration enhancer, were subjected to drug release and skin permeation studies. The skins were untreated or microwave-treated, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, thermal, electron microscopy and histology techniques. Unlike solid film, skin treatment by microwave at 2450 MHz demoted drug permeation especially from OA-rich pectin gel. The pectin-skin binding was facilitated by gel with freely soluble pectin molecules instead of solid film with entangled chains. It was promoted when microwave fluidized stratum corneum into structureless domains, or OA extracted endogenous lipid fraction and formed separate phases within intercellular lipid lamellae. This led to a remarkable decrease in transdermal drug permeation. Microwave-enhanced transdermal delivery must not be implemented with pectin gel. In skin treated by microwave, the penetration enhancer in gel can act as a permeation retardant.

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