Microwave-initiated catalytic deconstruction of plastic waste into hydrogen and high-value carbons

Jie, Xiangyu; Li, Weisong; Slocombe, Daniel; Gao, Yige; Banerjee, Ira; González-Cortés, Sergio; Yao, Benzhen; Al‐Megren, Hamid A.; Alshihri, Saeed; Dilworth, Jonathan R.; Thomas, John Meurig; Xiao, Tiancun; Edwards, Peter P.

doi:10.1038/s41929-020-00518-5

Cited by 356 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…They found that 700 °C was the optimum temperature for MWCNTs and hydrogen production. Recently, Jie et al 185 also use waste plastics as feedstock to produce hydrogen and MWCNTs, but different technique that was microwave-initiated catalytic deconstruction of plastics waste under 1000 W microwave irradiation.…”

Section: Waste Plastics For Cnt and Hydrogen Productionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Zhang

Zhu

Yao

et al. 2021

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: Waste Plastics For Cnt and Hydrogen Productionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Zhang

Zhu

Yao

et al. 2021

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…Biomass is a renewable source of energy as it is closely associated to plant life-cycles and as such, it should be exploited to the furthest, in that respect, by thermally decomposing biomass, one can expect to receive an organics-rich aqueous phase as well as a much denser liquid fraction known as 'Bio-oil' [8]. As shown in [Image 13], both of the Pyrolysis products can be exploited for their energy production potential, specifically MEC [Image 11] can produce Hydrogen through the exerted aqueous phase while Hydrocarbon fuel-that can of course serve as the basis-fuel for a 'Blue Hydrogen' plant.…”

Section: Other Methodologies Currently In Randd Stage Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Just a few years ago, not many people believed in the idea of an energy carrier-fuel that would, cost effectively, be in position -through the corresponding technology-to meet even a small fraction of the global energy demand, much less a source of energy that does not pollute up on exploitation and holds 4 times as much energy as conventional Hydrocarbons and over 140 times as much as the most efficient Li-Pol battery. Nowadays it is entirely possible and financially viable to produce Hydrogen [8] with minimal, if not zero, environmental footprint. Storing produced Hydrogen is an essential part of the Hydrogen Energy Autarky scheme and the current main storage practices are listed below.…”

Section: Hydrogen Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Technology, a Short Overview

Charitos¹,

Makridis²

2021

Preprint

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The Residential and Industrial zones as is, rely heavily, if not exclusively, on Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon thermal machinery such as Spark Ignition-Compression Ignition engines, Gasoline-Diesel generators, Coal-Lignite gasifiers, residential diesel-powered heating systems, Pyrolysis units and so on, are commonly met all around the planet. Such technology practically oxidizes Hydrocarbons to produce either heat, steam or useful mechanical work depending on the application, though energy losses are not, by any means, insignificant. Advanced material processing is an industrial sector who’s energy demand is significant and it is important for the general public to come to terms with the fact that by implementing Hydrogen technology to power such plant while at the same time improving the energy equilibrium of houses(advanced materials), communities would be taking major steps towards Climate Change effects debilitation. The downside of Hydrocarbon thermochemical exploitation can be described by the limited resources-reserves and the gaseous pollutant emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, SOx). In recent years, the Industrial zone as a whole has began taking a turn towards Electrification without having established the necessary infrastructure to support such a transition. Indicatively, at current rate of production, dead Lithium-Ion batteries are projected to reach as high as 11,000 metric tons by 2030, yet there is no recycling scheme in place, not to mention the prospect of that number rising even more, given the recent e-mobility trend. As it pertains to Electrification, such powertrains-machinery require electricity and a battery. Electricity production is mainly achieved through Coal-Lignite gasification, Batteries require metals, among others, for manufacturing, meaning that up-on mining, local water resources are contaminated, another very important ‘aspect’ of Lithium(per say) mining is that child labor is often associated with such processes, a truly despicable act. All of the above paint a crystal-clear picture as to how ‘environmentally friendly’ reckless-rushed Electrification really is. Climate Change is up-on us and it’s effects on the planet are obvious, the most important of which is glacier melting due to rising of the global Temperature. The COVID-19 crisis is a sign of what could come from glacier melting could as ice contains potentially harmful-toxic to humans, biological entities that are sure to be introduced to the general public if we were to continue exploiting mineral resources. Purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of the technology around Hydrogen.

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“…Jie et al [ 83 ] investigated the depolymerization of plastic waste (mixture of commonly used PP, PE, PP, and PS) using the microwave-assisted catalytic process into hydrogen and multi-walled CNTs. The results suggest that by using FeAlOx catalyst, a high production of 1560 mgC/g plastic/g catalyst with >92 wt.% multi-walled CNTs were produced.…”

Section: Production Of Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes

et al. 2021

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Plastic is referred to as a “material of every application”. From the packaging and automotive industries to the medical apparatus and computer electronics sectors, plastic materials are fulfilling demands efficiently. These plastics usually end up in landfills and incinerators, creating plastic waste pollution. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 2015, 9.1% of the plastic materials generated in the U.S. municipal solid waste stream was recycled, 15.5% was combusted for energy, and 75.4% was sent to landfills. If we can produce high-value chemicals from plastic wastes, a range of various product portfolios can be created. This will help to transform chemical industries, especially the petrochemical and plastic sectors. In turn, we can manage plastic waste pollution, reduce the consumption of virgin petroleum, and protect human health and the environment. This review provides a description of chemicals that can be produced from different plastic wastes and the research challenges involved in plastic waste to chemical production. This review also provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art processes to help future system designers in the plastic waste to chemicals area.

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Microwave-initiated catalytic deconstruction of plastic waste into hydrogen and high-value carbons

Cited by 356 publications

References 52 publications

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Hydrogen Technology, a Short Overview

Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes

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