Microwave-Induced Esterification Using Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst in a Low Dielectric Constant Medium

Kabza, Konrad; Chapados, Brian R.; Gestwicki, Jason E.; McGrath, Jessica L.

doi:10.1021/jo990515c

Cited by 90 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…2) Intervention of localized high temperatures: a. At the microscopic level [32,53] as postulated in sonochemistry to justify the sonochemical effect [49]. There is an unavoidable lack of experimental evidence as we can, necessarily, only have access to macroscopic temperature.…”

Section: Specific Nonthermal Microwave Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To try to rationalize all these results, it is necessary to propose a plausible interpretation of the effects based on accurate and reliable data resulting from strict and otherwise comparisons between reactions conducted with MW irradiation or conventional heating under similar conditions (reaction medium, temperature, time, pressure) [4,[29][30][31][32]. A monomode MW reactor, which gives wave focusing, should preferably be used (for reliable homogeneity in the electric field) and accurate control of the temperature (using an optical fiber or infrared detection) throughout the reaction [4,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonthermal Effects of Microwaves in Organic Synthesis

Perreux¹,

Loupy²,

Petit³

2012

Microwaves in Organic Synthesis

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Section: Specific Nonthermal Microwave Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonthermal Effects of Microwaves in Organic Synthesis

Perreux¹,

Loupy²,

Petit³

2012

Microwaves in Organic Synthesis

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“…In order to better understand the heating characteristics and avoid any issues relating to differential heating Kabza et al [22] used a low dielectric constant medium, namely hexane, as the reaction solvent. This enabled the extrapolation of reaction kinetics from the acid catalysed Fisher esterification of isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid in a recycling flow reactor (Fig.…”

Section: Microwave Assisted Esterification Reac-tions In Continuous Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Reactions Under Continuous Flow Conditions

Baxendale¹,

Hayward²,

Ley³

2007

CCHTS

130

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Microwave chemistry has already impacted significantly on the everyday synthesis of organic molecules. The adoption and integration of this liberating technology has permitted a resurrection of many synthetic transformations that were previously considered too extreme in their conditions (temperatures, pressures, reaction times) to be synthetically useful. Furthermore, whole arrays of additional chemical transformations have been devised under microwave heating that allow access to more diverse chemical architectures via more expedient routes. Continuous flow processing of chemical intermediates taking advantage of the unique heating mechanism and characteristics of microwave irradiation will certainly be the next evolutionary step forward in this area. The synergistic combination afforded by the simultaneous application of these two core processing tools will enhance still further the synthetic capabilities of tomorrow's chemists. This short review aims to highlight the current developments and future potential offered by continuous flow microwave mediated synthesis.

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“…Nowadays, there are many types of continuous flow MW reactors, which include a normal flask or tube [21], a fixed bed turbular coil [22][23][24], an Ω-or U-shaped tube [25][26][27][28], a filled column [22,24,29] (Fig. 1.7), a spiral glass tube [21,[30][31][32] (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%