Microwave dielectric spectroscopy – A versatile methodology for online, non-destructive food analysis, monitoring and process control

Blakey, Richard; Morales-Partera, A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.eaef.2016.02.001

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For the work described in this paper, an additional step (which will be described in Section 2.1) was needed to account for differences between the probes. A variation on the calibration method that uses coaxial standards instead of Probe A is described in Section 2.2 Measurements demonstrating that the substitution method can enable accurate measurements are given in Section 3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are multiple applications for online measurement of the dielectric permittivity of fluids inside pipes and tanks. These include monitoring of fermentation processes in the manufacture of food and beverages [1][2][3], monitoring polymerisation reactions [4], and observation of multiphase samples flowing in pipes, e.g., to allow oil to be discerned from water in the petrochemical industry [5][6][7]. This paper describes a measurement technique that uses a coaxial probe that is embedded in a tank or pipe, and not removable for calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a Broadband Tissue-Equivalent Liquid for SAR Measurement and Monitoring of Its Dielectric Properties for Use in a Sealed Phantom

Gregory

Quéléver²,

Allal

et al. 2020

Sensors

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We report on the development of a method for measuring the permittivity and conductivity of fluids inside a sealed tank (or a pipe) by using an embedded coaxial probe. Permittivity and conductivity in the frequency range 600 MHz to 6 GHz are determined from measurements of a complex reflection coefficient by using a vector network analyser (VNA) that is connected to the embedded probe via a coaxial cable. Substitution methods for calibration of an inaccessible probe are studied in this paper. These require the VNA with attached cable to be calibrated prior to connecting the cable to the embedded coaxial probe. Measurement of permittivity and conductivity of fluids inside sealed tanks and pipes is needed for monitoring industrial processes, such as fermentation. The authors’ requirement, however, was to allow monitoring of a tissue-equivalent liquid that is contained inside a sealed tank. This tank is a component of a commercial system for rapid, multiple-band measurement of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of mobile phone handsets. Monitoring of permittivity and conductivity is needed to ensure compliance with international standards for SAR measurement. The paper also presents data for a new broadband (600 MHz to 6 GHz) tissue-equivalent liquid that is based on an oil-in-water emulsion. It is demonstrated that over an extended period of time, the liquid is stable, and an embedded coaxial probe enables its properties to be monitored with the required accuracy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Broadband Tissue-Equivalent Liquid for SAR Measurement and Monitoring of Its Dielectric Properties for Use in a Sealed Phantom

Gregory

Quéléver²,

Allal

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…The permittivity of a material is derived from a number of characteristics (e.g., temperature, chemical structure, molecular composition, etc.) and is a measure of various polarization phenomena that occur over different frequency ranges when exposed to an alternating EM field [42]. This leads to dipolar polarization in polar molecules (such as lactate), which causes them to rotate over a time period proportional to their dipole moment and local conditions (e.g., viscosity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of Tetraselmis suecica in A Saline Environment as Means of Early Water Pollution Detection

Moejes

Sherif

Dürr

et al. 2018

Toxics

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Biological water pollution, including organic pollutants and their possible transportation, via biofouling and ballast water, has the potential to cause severe economic and health impacts on society and environment. Current water pollution monitoring methods are limited by transportation of samples to the laboratory for analysis, which could take weeks. There is an urgent need for a water quality monitoring technique that generates real-time data. The study aims to assess the feasibility of three sensing techniques to detect and monitor the concentrations of the model species Tetraselmis suecica in real-time using eleven samples for each method. Results showed UV-Vis spectrophotometer detected increasing concentration of Tetraselmis suecica with R2 = 0.9627 and R2 = 0.9672, at 450 nm and 650 nm wavelengths, respectively. Secondly, low-frequency capacitance measurements showed a linear relationship with increasing concentration of Tetraselmis suecica at 150 Hz (R2 = 0.8463) and 180 Hz (R2 = 0.8391). Finally, a planar electromagnetic wave sensor measuring the reflected power S11 amplitude detected increasing cell density at 4 GHz (R2 = 0.8019).

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“…Also, microwave structures can be readily implemented in the integrated circuits, which have become a favourable platform due to their constantly decreasing cost. As such, microwave sensors have found numerous applications including permittivity sensing [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], strain and displacement sensing [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], detection of biomolecules [ 21 ], glucose monitoring [ 22 , 23 ], dielectric spectroscopy for food quality control [ 24 , 25 ], gas sensing [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], and concentration measurements of liquid solutions [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microwave Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Dual-Mode Resonator for Dual-Sensing Applications

Janković

Radonić

2017

Sensors

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In this paper, we propose a novel microwave microfluidic sensor with dual-sensing capability. The sensor is based on a dual-mode resonator that consists of a folded microstrip line loaded with interdigital lines and a stub at the plane of symmetry. Due to the specific configuration, the resonator exhibits two entirely independent resonant modes, which allows simultaneous sensing of two fluids using a resonance shift method. The sensor is designed in a multilayer configuration with the proposed resonator and two separated microfluidic channels—one intertwined with the interdigital lines and the other positioned below the stub. The circuit has been fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramics technology and its performance was verified through the measurement of its responses for different fluids in the microfluidic channels. The results confirm the dual-sensing capability with zero mutual influence as well as good overall performance. Besides an excellent potential for dual-sensing applications, the proposed sensor is a good candidate for application in mixing fluids and cell counting.

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Microwave dielectric spectroscopy – A versatile methodology for online, non-destructive food analysis, monitoring and process control

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Validation of a Broadband Tissue-Equivalent Liquid for SAR Measurement and Monitoring of Its Dielectric Properties for Use in a Sealed Phantom

Validation of a Broadband Tissue-Equivalent Liquid for SAR Measurement and Monitoring of Its Dielectric Properties for Use in a Sealed Phantom

Real-Time Monitoring of Tetraselmis suecica in A Saline Environment as Means of Early Water Pollution Detection

A Microwave Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Dual-Mode Resonator for Dual-Sensing Applications

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