Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots and their applications

Medeiros, Tayline V. de; Manioudakis, John; Noun, Farah; Macairan, Jun‐Ray; Victoria, Florence; Naccache, Rafik

doi:10.1039/c9tc01640f

Cited by 325 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 143 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

163

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On the contrary, bottom‐up synthesis primarily involves pyrolysis or carbonization of organic matters (generally making use of easily available organic molecules, natural animals, and plants resources), growing into the form of CDs through microwave irradiation, [ 70–78 ] hydrothermal/solvothermal treatment, [ 79–83 ] thermal decomposition, [ 84–86 ] heating, or refluxing process. [ 87,88 ] Meanwhile, it includes for plasma technology, [ 89–91 ] carbonization, [ 92,93 ] ultrasonic preparation, [ 94 ] photoirradiation, [ 95 ] and electrochemical synthesis.…”

Section: The Preparation Of Multicolor Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Multicolor Carbon Dots: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Huo

Karmaker

Liu

et al. 2020

Part & Part Syst Charact

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

as 0D and discrete, quasispherical nanoparticles with the characteristic size of less than 10 nm in shape. In the past few decades, many researchers have been intrigued by overwhelming application of CDs in fields other than solar photovoltaics, [23][24][25] semiconductor photocatalysis, [26] or light-emitting materials, [27][28][29] like in bioimaging, [30][31][32][33] drug delivery/ release, [34][35][36] theranostics, [37] and biosensing/bioassay. [38][39][40] Albeit with biological imaging agents in vitro and in vivo, heavy metals as the essential elements for the core materials of available high-performance semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exist substantial toxicity, carcinogenic effects, and environmental hazard, even at low levels. [41][42][43][44][45] Historically, boasting the natural virtues of fascinating optical properties (e.g., up/down-conversion and excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, high fluorescence quantum yields (QY), and long fluorescence lifetime), eco-friendliness, high waterdispersible peculiarity, easy surface-functionality, low cost, highly abundant, and inexpensive raw materials, noninvasiveness, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility afford CDs suitable as the elegant alternatives for toxic QDs containing heavy metals. [46][47][48][49] On the other hand, the CDs have excellent photostability against photobleaching and photoblinking as compared with the conventional organic dyes (typically fluorescein and rhodamine B). [50] In particular, multicolor CDs exhibit tunable photoluminescence by exciting the identical CDs, allowing for multimodal biophotosensitizer in biological field without interference from background autofluorescence. In this review, we aim to systematically offer a summary of preparing multicolor CDs and its various biomedical applications, mainly including for bioimaging, drug delivery/release, theranostics, and biosensing/bioassay, highlighting the complete horizons of multiplexed quantitative detection, high-resolution fluorescence imaging, and long-term, real-time monitoring of multicolor CDs.Multicolor carbon dots (CDs) as an emerging subclass of carbonaceous nanomaterials have inspired intensive attention due to the fascinating fluorogenic properties of quantum dots, exhibiting great potential applications in the biomedical field. In some cases, reported CDs with blue or green fluorescence are not desirable for further biological applications owing to the conflicting background autofluorescence, low penetration, and relatively large damage to biological tissue. However, multicolor CDs that can work in the longer wavelength region are being developed to address this issue by overcoming the autofluorescence from the cellular components (usually in the blue and green range). In this review, the development of multicolor CDs is described comprehensively, including for red-emissive or NIR-emissive CDs. Additionally, the preparation methods of multicolor CDs are summarized. Moreover, the factors affecting the luminescence of multicolor CDs are discussed in de...

show abstract

Section: The Preparation Of Multicolor Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Multicolor Carbon Dots: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Huo

Karmaker

Liu

et al. 2020

Part & Part Syst Charact

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carbon dots (CDs) are quasi-spherical carbon-based nanoparticles, with a core that can be either amorphous or nanocrystalline [1][2][3][4]. The core of these nanomaterials is expected to be composed mainly of graphitic sp 2 carbon connected by amorphous sp 3 carbon atoms in between. The surface can present different functionalization degrees, depending on the chosen precursors and synthesis routes, and thus, different functional groups can be found (such as carboxylic acids, alcohols, and amines) [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon dots belong to the broad family of carbon allotropes and related nanostructures and molecules. Carbon allotropes include diamond with sp 3 hybridization, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes with sp 2 hybridization, fullerenes with hybridization between sp 2 and sp 3 , as well as graphyne and carbynes with sp hybridization [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

Crista

Silva

2020

Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with very attractive luminescence features. Furthermore, their synthesis by bottom-up strategies is quite flexible, as tuning the reaction precursors and synthesis procedures can lead to an endless number of CDs with distinct properties and applications. However, this complex variability has made the characterization of the structural and optical properties of the nanomaterials difficult. Herein, we performed a systematic evaluation of the effect of three representative bottom-up strategies (hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and calcination) on the properties of CDs prepared from the same precursors (citric acid and urea). Our results revealed that these synthesis routes led to nanoparticles with similar sizes, identical excitation-dependent blue-to-green emission, and similar surface-functionalization. However, we have also found that microwave and calcination strategies are more efficient towards nitrogen-doping than hydrothermal synthesis, and thus, the former routes are able to generate CDs with significantly higher fluorescence quantum yields than the latter. Furthermore, the different synthesis strategies appear to have a role in the origin of the photoluminescence of the CDs, as hydrothermal-based nanoparticles present an emission more dependent on surface states, while microwave- and calcination-based CDs present an emission with more contributions from core states. Furthermore, calcination and microwave routes are more suitable for high-yield synthesis (~27–29%), while hydrothermal synthesis present almost negligible synthesis yields (~2%). Finally, life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to investigate the sustainability of these processes and indicated microwave synthesis as the best choice for future studies.

show abstract

“…11 C-dots do not have a crystal lattice and their shapes are usually spherical. 12 The C-dots are water soluble and their size are small (< 2 nm). While the toxicity of metal-based quantum dots is a real concern, these carbon nanoparticles have admirable biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manuscript-C-dots assembly at interface-041020.pdf

Zolghadr¹,

Rostami²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe a systematic investigation of carbon dots (C-dots) assemblies fabricated at the liquid/air interface because of the surface tension gradient. This gradient is originally created by capillary action and increased by addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) phospholipid to the surface of C-dots aqueous mixture. The arrangement of carbon dots in liquid bulk phase (before self-assembly) and at the surface region (after self-assembly) was examined by TEM microscopy. The presence of SDS surfactant and POPC phospholipid at the air/water interface induced the C-dots compression. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to obtain the structure of C-dots at liquid/vapor interface. The orientation of C-dots is evaluated quantitatively at water/vapor surface by using bivariate analysis.

show abstract

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots and their applications

Abstract: Carbon dots, an emerging class within the carbon allotrope family, have gained significant attention largely due to their versatile and tunable physico-chemical and optical properties.

Cited by 325 publications

References 143 publications

Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Multicolor Carbon Dots: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Multicolor Carbon Dots: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

Manuscript-C-dots assembly at interface-041020.pdf

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About