Microwave-Assisted Polymer Modifications

Englert, Christoph; Schwenke, Almut M.; Hoeppener, Stephanie; Weber, C.; Schubert, Ulrich S.

doi:10.1007/12_2015_347

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Conventional One. Thanks to the features listed above, microwave heating presents many advantages compared to the conventional heating in the fields of polymer processing and chemistry; several authors highlighted these benefits in their recent reviews, such as Schubert [3], Kappe [24], and Bogdal and Prociak [25].…”

Section: Benefits Of Microwave Heating Compared Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many reviews have been published during about the use of MW heating in the field of polymers during the last decade; dealing with polymer synthesis [2], modification [3], degradation [4], and curing [5], the current review deals with the use of MWs during polymer processing. The theoretical and practical characteristics of MW heating in the field of polymers are first discussed, with a comparison between the conventional and MW heating based on sample reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Processing under Microwaves

Belkhir

Riquet

Becquart

2022

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Over the last decades, microwave heating has experienced a great development and reached various domains of application, especially in material processing. In the field of polymers, this unusual source of energy showed important advantages arising from the direct microwave/matter interaction. Indeed, microwave heating allows regio-, chemio-, and stereo-selectivity, faster chemical reactions, and higher yields even in solvent-free processes. Thus, this heating mode provides a good alternative to the conventional heating by reducing time and energy consumption, hence reducing the costs and ecological impact of polymer chemistry and processing. This review states some achievements in the use of microwaves as energy source during the synthesis and transformation of polymers. Both in-solution and free-solvent processes are described at different scales, with comparison between microwave and conventional heating.

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Section: Benefits Of Microwave Heating Compared Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Processing under Microwaves

Belkhir

Riquet

Becquart

2022

Advances in Polymer Technology

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“…In recent years, positive results have been obtained that prove the effectiveness of using a microwave electromagnetic field for modifying various polymeric materials [21][22][23][24][25][26], including filled epoxy polymers [27]. Therefore, the use of mathematical modeling methods both for the study of the processes occurring in polymers and for the development of microwave units for their modification is currently a promising area of research [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the Modification Process of an Epoxy Basalt-Filled Oligomer in Traveling Wave Microwave Chambers

Bekeshev,

Vasinkina,

Kalganova

et al. 2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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This paper presents modeling data to select the optimal industrial unit for the microwave modification of an epoxy basalt-filled oligomer (EBO) at electric field strength E of an electromagnetic wave equal to 11.9 × 103 V/m and a uniform distribution of the temperature field over the entire volume of the modified object. A mathematical description of the electrodynamic and thermal processes occurring in the object under consideration subjected to microwave exposure includes the Helmholtz equation for the electric field strength vector and the heat conduction equation. The joint solution of this problem in a three-dimensional formulation is based on the use of the finite element method, which in this work was implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics® 6.1 software environment. According to the modeling results, the use of microwave chambers with a traveling wave of a waveguide type is inefficient because the required value of the electric field strength E is not achieved, while the modeled microwave chamber with a traveling wave on a quasi-coaxial waveguide makes it possible to achieve the required value of the electric field strength E and uniform distribution of the temperature field over the entire volume of the modified object by reducing the generated power for the modification of an EBO from 400 W up to 300 W. Optimal parameters for modifying an epoxy basalt-filled oligomer in the microwave electromagnetic field in the working chamber with a traveling wave on a quasi-coaxial waveguide have been developed, which provide a uniform microwave modification of an EBO with a microwave installation capacity of 11.6 kg/h. A sketch of an industrial microwave working chamber has been developed, which provides a mode of the uniform modification of the oligomer at electric field strength E = 12.3 × 103 V/m. The proposed microwave chamber with a traveling wave on a quasi-coaxial waveguide can be replicated for the microwave modification of filled oligomers of various chemical compositions.

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“…This calls for the development of polymerization techniques initiated by external stimuli and carried out at ambient temperatures. The use of external stimuli such as light, [5][6][7][8] microwave, 9,10 ultrasound, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] electric field [21][22][23] and magnetic field 24,25 to initiate polymerization has piqued the interest of many researchers. [26][27][28] Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies >20 kHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%