Microwave Assisted-Extraction of Essential Oil From Fresh Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) Leaves

Abstract

In this research, the extraction of essential oil from fresh basil leaves using solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME)and microwave hydrodistillation (MHD) method. Several parameters influence the extraction of basil oil using SFME method: microwave power, the ratio between the mass of raw material with a volume of distiller (F/D), material size, and length of extraction time. Besides, the components contained in basil oil and changes in oil gland conditions in basil leaves before and after being extracted were also evaluated. The optimum condition was obtained as follows: microwave power of 380 W, the ratio between the mass of raw material with a volume of distiller (F/D) of 0.1 g/mL, raw material size of intact (± 3 cm), with an extraction time of 60 min. Moreover, SFME has a shorter extraction time to produce yields than MHD methods. GC-MS analyzed the composition of basil oil, and there were 49 identified components. This study shows that SFME method more effective than the MHD method for extraction basil oil from fresh leaves based on time extraction and yield.

Extraction of Basil Leaves Essential Oil using Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation Method: Physical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

“…In this research, the variation in leaf size was carried out to open the oil glands and facilitate the evaporation of essential oils. Therefore, as the leaf size became smaller, the surface area increased, making it easier to come into contact with moisture [24]. The effect of time and leaf size (Figure 5) was proven by decreasing the yield at 90 minutes with a leaf size of ± 1.75 cm from 0.3076% to 0.2525% obtained at 60 minutes with a leaf size of ± 0.5 cm using the parameters and processes.…”

“…The highest levels of basil oil were obtained in E-citral at 46.79% and Z-citral at 38.17%, which were the constituent of the aldehyde group of citral. According to Putri and Rahmawati [24], the majority of the composition of the basil oil contained citral compounds, including E-Citral at 33.7 and Z-Citral at 27.9%.…”