Microwave-assisted Dilute Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sago Palm Bark

Abstract

aMaximizing the amount of monomeric sugar yield from lignocellulosic materials requires an effective pretreatment process and identification of an optimal enzyme loading for cost-effectiveness. In this work, a microwave-diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment was applied prior to enzymatic hydrolysis of sago palm bark (SPB). Characterization of the solid fraction was completed before and after the pretreatment process. Analysis of SPB ash showed a presence of 6.8% silica. There was a 32% reduction in lignin content, an increased crystallinity from 29% to 47%, and clear damage and fragmentation to the surface structure of SPB after the pretreatment. Inhibitors were not detectable in the liquor after the microwave-acid pretreatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of SPB was employed by adding 6 to 42 FPU/g of cellulase and 50 U/g of β-glucosidase to identify the optimal cellulase loading at fixed β-glucosidase loading. The maximum total monomeric sugar yield and total reducing sugar (using DNS method) at 77 mg/g and 378 mg/g were achieved using 24 FPU/g of cellulose, respectively. Thus, this enzyme loading can be recommended for further microwave-acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of SPB.

Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2-Biomass Loaded Mixture for Wastewater Treatment

“…Subsequently, the powdered form of SB was soaked in 1 M HCl for 1 day. The SB was mainly comprised of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin components [15], which can be dissolved or broken down during a pretreatment process [16]. Mosier et al [17] and Zheng et al [18] stated that diluted acid pretreatment process could dissolve almost all hemicelluloses and break down the bonds of cellulose and lignin.…”

Manufacture of Low-cost Activated Carbon Using Sago Palm Bark and Date Pits by Physiochemical Activation

“…SPB is Malaysia's main carbohydrate. It is about 60 to 70% cellulose and hemicellulose (Ethaib et al 2016).…”

A New Activated Carbon Prepared from Sago Palm Bark through Physiochemical Activated Process with Zinc Chloride

“…SPB is considered a renewable source that contains lignocllulosic material [36]. In Malaysia, typically use sago to produce sago starch.…”

“…The plant has maximum height of 25, and 40 cm diameter [37]. SPB is one of Malaysia's main carbohydrate sources, as it contains about 60 to 70% cellulose and hemicellulose [36]. This alone makes it an important factor for AC preparation.…”