Microvolume field-effect pH sensor for the scanning probe microscope

Manalis, Scott R.; Cooper, E. B.; Indermühle, P.-F.; Kernen, Peter; Wagner, P.; Hafeman, Dean G.; Minne, S. C.; Quate, C. F.

doi:10.1063/1.125942

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…For a deflection detection resolution of 1 nm which can be easily achieved by optical laser, the translated sensitivity is 5 10 5 pH/nm. This ultrasensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than that offered by other microscale techniques such as scanning probe potentiometer (75).…”

Section: Static Mode Operationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Silicon-Based Novel Bio-Sensing Platforms at the Micro and Nano Scale

Liu

Iqbal

2009

ECS Trans.

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Microfabrication traditionally has been limited to silicon as demonstrated by the multi-billion dollar industry. The field is now understandably developing into a combination of physics, chemistry and biology in very non-traditional approaches to develop functional devices.Some examples are on-chip hybridization of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and optical detection, DNA/protein/cell detection at the micro scale for diagnostics in medical, military, and food safety applications, etc. One area where silicon based nanotechnology can have an immediate and far reaching impact is sensing biological molecules and their processes, especially in genomics and proteomics. The promise of nanofabrication lies in the special ability to fabricate devices not only down to the scales of bacteria and viruses, but even down to the scales of the smallest biological entities, such as DNA! Nanotechnology and BioMEMS will have a significant impact on medicine and biology in the areas of single cell detection, diagnosis and combating disease, providing specificity of drug delivery for therapy, and avoiding time consuming steps to provide faster results and solutions to the patient. Integration of biology and silicon at the micro and nano scale offers tremendous opportunities for solving important problems in biology and medicine and enables a wide range of applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and tissue engineering. This paper reviews state of the art in silicon-based bioMEMS and bionanotechnology as well as the future challenges and opportunities. A range of silicon devices integrating microsystems engineering with biology are discussed with focus on rapid detection of biological entities and development of point of care devices using electrical or mechanical phenomena at the micro and nano scale.

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Section: Static Mode Operationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Silicon-Based Novel Bio-Sensing Platforms at the Micro and Nano Scale

Liu

Iqbal

2009

ECS Trans.

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“…Hence, a device that allows sensitive detection of pH shifts is of great significance. This need led researchers to develop various novel and sophisticated pH detectors with outstanding sensitivities between 5 × 10 −4 and 10 −2 pH units range, such as light-addressable potentiometric sensors, scanning probe potentiometers, and ratiometric pH-responsive nanoensembles integrated on carbon nanotubes [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflective Diffraction Gratings From Hydrogels as Biochemical Sensors

et al. 2012

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We report reflective diffraction gratings made from smart hydrogels for ultrasensitive biochemical detection. As an example for a stimuli-responsive hydrogel, we chose a pH-sensitive hydrogel to construct diffraction gratings that swell/shrink reversibly due to changes in pH. Interferometric analysis of the grating enabled detection of the hydrogel's motions with nanoscale precision and resulted in a resolution of 6 × 10 −4 pH units. The developed system is remarkably simple both to fabricate and operate, and yet extremely sensitive. Moreover, the concept of the reflective hydrogel grating is generic and can be applied detection of a wide range of other stimuli.

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“…Among the new sensors that are currently developed for pH detection on a micrometer scale or below, we may mention potentiometric metal oxide semiconductors [2,3], light addressable potentiometric sensors [4], ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFET) [5], scanning probe potentiometer [6], potentiometric hydrogel functionalized cantilever [7]. PH sensors, based on conducting polymers are also developed [8][9][10][11][12]; to our knowledge, there are few results in the literature of such systems on a micrometer [13,14] or nanometer [15,16] scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%