Microvascular obstruction in avascular necrosis Immunohistochemistry of 14 femoral heads

Distribution of TRAP‐positive cells and expression of HIF‐1α, VEGF, and FGF‐2 in the reparative reaction in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

“…7 Although the exact reparative reaction mechanism of the femoral head is unknown, the repair process probably takes place as bone remodeling coupled with osteoclastic resorption and bone formation. 23 There are interactions between the intraosseous vascular system and the process of osteogenesis. 24 Various experimental and clinical studies support the hypothesis that inhibition of bone resorption following …”

Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on endothelial haemostatic gene expression and neutrophil adhesion

“…Recently, investigators have found an association between GC use and the development of venous thrombotic events [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as well as an acceleration of inflammation during inflammatory disease states [2,9,10]. For instance, thromboembolic complications have been reported during the initial phase of GC use for the treatment of giant cell arteritis [7], during the treatment of minimal change nephritic syndrome [6] and also in the development of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head [11,12].…”

Sixty cases of extreme osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis of the mandible and maxilla in a West African population

“…6 This has been reported in avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head. 7 Avascular osteonecrosis has been documented as a complication associated with coagulopathies such as sickle cell disease in West African patients 8 and has been reported in the mandibular condyle of a patient with sickle cell anaemia. 9 Coagulopathies could represent a genetic predisposition to the development of this type of ONJ in West Africa.…”