Microvascular Changes in the Retina Correlate with MRI Markers in Patients with Early-Onset Dementia

Zhang, Ziyi; Liu, Peng; Kwapong, William Robert; Wu, Bo; Liu, Ming; Zhang, Shuting

doi:10.3390/brainsci12101391

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

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“…In 2018, O’Bryhim et al noted that Aβ-positive preclinical patients had a greater foveal avascular zone (FAZ) on their OCTA in comparison to healthy people [ 60 ]. Subsequent studies by Zhang in 2022 demonstrated FAZ changes were also related to medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) scores in individuals with early-onset dementia (EOD), whereas retinal microvasculature was correlated with white-matter hyperintensity [ 61 ]. Additionally, patients with AD and cognitive impairment have been found to have lower retinal capillary vessel density as well as flow density compared to controls [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ] ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Ocular Biomarkers In Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Eye as a Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease

Hussain

Sheikh

Subramanian

2023

Life

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impacting cognition, function, and behavior in the elderly population. While there are currently no disease-modifying agents capable of curing AD, early diagnosis and management in the preclinical stage can significantly improve patient morbidity and life expectancy. Currently, the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is a clinical one, often supplemented by invasive and expensive biomarker testing. Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in our understanding of AD and the role of ocular tissue as a potential biomarker. Ocular biomarkers hold the potential to provide noninvasive and easily accessible diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. This review summarizes current research for detecting biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease in ocular tissue.

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Section: Ocular Biomarkers In Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Eye as a Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease

Hussain

Sheikh

Subramanian

2023

Life

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Retina as a potential biomarker for the early stage of Alzheimer's disease spectrum

Gao,

Luo,

Yan

et al. 2024

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveTo characterize the retinal microvasculature and structure in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and identify the potential biomarker for the early stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum.MethodsIn this study, 35 patients with SCD, 36 with cognitive impairment, and 29 with normal cognition (NC) were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography was employed to assess retinal vascular density, fovea avascular zone area, and retinal thickness. The parameters reflecting retinal perfusion and structure were compared among the three groups. In addition, the association between retinal parameters, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and peripheral blood biomarkers in the SCD stage was analyzed.ResultsThe superficial vascular complex (SVC) vascular density in the macula and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the peripapillary were significantly reduced in individuals with SCD compared to NC. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between macular ganglion cell complex thickness and CBF in SCD.InterpretationThe retinal microvasculature and structure exhibit alterations in individuals with SCD. Macular ganglion cell complex thickness demonstrates correlations with cerebral perfusion. The retina holds potential as a novel biomarker for early detection of AD.

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Atherosclerotic burden and cerebral small vessel disease: exploring the link through microvascular aging and cerebral microhemorrhages

Csiszar,

Ungvari,

Patai

et al. 2024

GeroScience

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Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs, also known as cerebral microbleeds) are a critical but frequently underestimated aspect of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), bearing substantial clinical consequences. Detectable through sensitive neuroimaging techniques, CMHs reveal an extensive pathological landscape. They are prevalent in the aging population, with multiple CMHs often being observed in a given individual. CMHs are closely associated with accelerated cognitive decline and are increasingly recognized as key contributors to the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review paper delves into the hypothesis that atherosclerosis, a prevalent age-related large vessel disease, extends its pathological influence into the cerebral microcirculation, thereby contributing to the development and progression of CSVD, with a specific focus on CMHs. We explore the concept of vascular aging as a continuum, bridging macrovascular pathologies like atherosclerosis with microvascular abnormalities characteristic of CSVD. We posit that the same risk factors precipitating accelerated aging in large vessels (i.e., atherogenesis), primarily through oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, similarly instigate accelerated microvascular aging. Accelerated microvascular aging leads to increased microvascular fragility, which in turn predisposes to the formation of CMHs. The presence of hypertension and amyloid pathology further intensifies this process. We comprehensively overview the current body of evidence supporting this interconnected vascular hypothesis. Our review includes an examination of epidemiological data, which provides insights into the prevalence and impact of CMHs in the context of atherosclerosis and CSVD. Furthermore, we explore the shared mechanisms between large vessel aging, atherogenesis, microvascular aging, and CSVD, particularly focusing on how these intertwined processes contribute to the genesis of CMHs. By highlighting the role of vascular aging in the pathophysiology of CMHs, this review seeks to enhance the understanding of CSVD and its links to systemic vascular disorders. Our aim is to provide insights that could inform future therapeutic approaches and research directions in the realm of neurovascular health.

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Microvascular Changes in the Retina Correlate with MRI Markers in Patients with Early-Onset Dementia

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

The Eye as a Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease

The Eye as a Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease

Retina as a potential biomarker for the early stage of Alzheimer's disease spectrum

Atherosclerotic burden and cerebral small vessel disease: exploring the link through microvascular aging and cerebral microhemorrhages

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