Microvascular Changes in Canine Renal Allograft Rejection: A Correlative Microangiographic and Histologic Study

Rl, Clark; Mandel,; Wp, Webster

doi:10.1097/00004424-197701000-00014

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…X-ray images of thick slices of the infused tissue are exposed on high-resolution X-ray film and subsequently examined by light microscopy. This methodology has been used to examine vascular changes that occur in experimental disease conditions such as acute renal failure (21,41), diabetic nephropathy (63), papillary necrosis (25), and allograft rejection (22).…”

Section: Vascular Filling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents

Bentley

Ortiz

Ritman

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

135

109

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The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 282: R1267-R1279, 2002 10.1152/ajpregu.00560.2001.-Appropriate nephron function is dependent on the intrarenal arrangement of blood vessels. The preferred and primary means to study the architecture of intrarenal circulation has been by filling it with opaque substances such as india ink, radio-opaque contrast material, or various polymers for study by light or scanning electron microscopy. With such methodologies, superficial vessels may obscure deep vessels and little quantitative information may be obtained. Serial-section microtomy has not been practical because of problems relating to alignment and registration of adjacent sections, lost sections, and preparation time and effort. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) overcomes such limitations and provides a means to study the three-dimensional architecture of filled vessels within an intact rodent kidney and to obtain more quantitative information. As an example of micro-CT's capabilities, we review the use of micro-CT to study the alterations in renal microvasculature caused by the development of liver cirrhosis after chronic bile duct ligation. In this example, micro-CT evidence shows a selective decrease in cortical vascular filling in the kidney, with a maintenance of medullary vascular filling. These changes may contribute to the salt and water retention that accompanies cirrhosis. These results indicate that micro-CT is a promising method to evaluate renal vascular architecture in the intact rodent kidney relative to physiological and pathological function. kidney; imaging; microcirculation; vasculature APPROPRIATE NEPHRON FUNCTION appears to be dependent on the detailed three-dimensional interrelationship of blood vessels with the tubular components. Many techniques and/or methods have been developed to examine the microanatomic arrangement of pre-and postglomerular vasculature (4,29,36,40,54,55,59,71,98). In this respect, such efforts were prompted by early studies showing that urinary excretion varied in relation to the intrarenal environment and was dependent on the coupling of renal microcirculation and tubular components. In 1947, Trueta and colleagues (96), studying the crush syndrome in rabbits, observed that there was a shift of blood flow from the renal cortex to the medulla during hemorrhage. They suggested this shift to be the major explanation for the lack of urine flow, despite a preservation of renal blood flow (RBF). The shift of blood flow within the renal cortex from superficial short nephrons to deep long nephrons was later observed in sodium-retaining states such as cardiac insufficiency, hepatic cirrhosis, or hypovolemia (1,18,53,104). showed that changes in renal perfusion pressure, within a range (75-130 mmHg) in which RBF remains unchanged (RBF autoregulation), were followed by dramatic changes in sodium excretion. This situation is comparable to that seen in the early stages Address for reprint requ...

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Section: Vascular Filling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents

Bentley

Ortiz

Ritman

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

135

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Renal microvasculature has classically been studied using methods such as pharmacological modulation, vascular filling techniques, light microscopy, micro-angiography, and scanning electron microscopy [6, 7]. High-resolution microcomputed tomography (HR-μCT) is a powerful tool for studying the architecture of 3D vasculature in numerous experimental pathophysiological situations [8–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal auto-transplantation promotes cortical microvascular network remodeling in a preclinical porcine model

Maïga¹,

Allain²,

Hauet³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The vascular network is a major target of ischemia-reperfusion, but has been poorly investigated in renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to characterize the remodeling of the renal vascular network that follows ischemia-reperfusion along with the most highly affected cortex section in a preclinical renal transplantation model. There were two experimental groups. The first was a grafted kidney group consisting of large white pigs for which the left kidney was harvested, cold flushed, preserved for 24 h in the University of Wisconsin’s preservation solution, and then auto-transplanted (n = 5); the right kidney was removed to mimic the situation of human kidney transplantation. The second group (uni-nephrectomized kidney group) consisted of animals that underwent only right nephrectomy, but not left renal transplantation (n = 5). Three months after autotransplantation, the kidneys were studied by X-ray microcomputed tomography. Vessel morphology and density and tortuosity of the network were analyzed using a 3D image analysis method. Cortical blood flow was determined by laser doppler analysis and renal function and tissue injury assessed by plasma creatinine levels and histological analysis. Renal ischemia-reperfusion led to decreased vascular segment volume associated with fewer vessels of less than 30 μm, particularly in the inner cortex:0.79 ± 0.54% in grafted kidneys vs. 7.06 ± 1.44% in uni-nephrectomized kidneys, p < 0.05. Vessels showed higher connectivity throughout the cortex (the arborescence factor of the whole cortex was less in grafted than uni-nephrectomized kidneys 0.90 ± 0.04 vs. 1.07 ± 0.05, p < 0.05, with an increase in the number of bifurcations). Furthermore, cortical blood flow decreased early in kidney grafts and remained low three months after auto-transplantation. The decrease in microvasculature correlated with a deterioration of renal function, proteinuria, and tubular dysfunction, and was associated with the development of fibrous tissue. This work provides new evidence concerning the impact of ischemia-reperfusion injuries on the spectrum of renal vascular diseases and could potentially guide future therapy to preserve microvessels in transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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“…During rejection the total renal blood flow is reduced (4,8,10,14). This results in a fall in the * Assessed on subtracted 30-second nephrotomogram.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtraction Nephrotomography during Urography of Transplanted Kidneys

Hs¹,

Dorph²,

Mygind³

1984

Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis

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Hypocycloid tomography with photographic subtraction was applied during the early nephrographic phase of urography in 48 transplanted kidneys. The.quality of demarcation between cortex and medulla in the subtracted nephrotomogram was evaluated and categorized into 4 groups: Excellent, good, poor, and absent demarcation. The renal function determined by 24-h endogenous creatinine clearance did not correlate with the quality of demarcation. Among 30 cases with excellent or good demarcation only one patient experienced rejection within 8 days after the urography. In 18 cases with poor or absent demarcation 9 had an episode of rejection. Absence of demarcation was only observed in this group of patients. Segmental renal infarcts were demonstrated occasionally on the subtracted early nephrotomogram. Thus, tomographic demonstration of the initial distribution of contrast medium in a transplanted kidney may prove to be of value in the diagnosis both of rejection of transplanted kidneys and renal infarcts.

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Microvascular Changes in Canine Renal Allograft Rejection: A Correlative Microangiographic and Histologic Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents

The use of microcomputed tomography to study microvasculature in small rodents

Renal auto-transplantation promotes cortical microvascular network remodeling in a preclinical porcine model

Subtraction Nephrotomography during Urography of Transplanted Kidneys

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