Microtubules cut and run

Baas, Peter W.; Karabay, Arzu; Qiang, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2005.08.004

Cited by 139 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This inference is further supported by the presence of the CCR-1 and CCR-2 boxes in the promoter regions of two gene subsets, implicating these gene sets as coordinately controlled mitosis/division regulons. The CCR-1 regulated genes include the Saci1372-Saci1374 operon, with Saci1372 encoding a homologue of eukaryotic p60 katanin protease, involved in disassembly of microtubules (28). Together with the striking induction pattern, this similarity implicates this transcription unit as a prime candidate for an archaeal mitosis-associated operon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome-wide transcription map of an archaeal cell cycle

Lundgren

Bernander

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Relative RNA abundance was measured at different cell-cycle stages in synchronized cultures of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Cyclic induction was observed for >160 genes, demonstrating central roles for transcriptional regulation and cell-cycle-specific gene expression in archaeal cell-cycle progression. Many replication genes were induced in a cell-cyclespecific manner, and novel replisome components are likely to be among the genes of unknown function with similar induction patterns. Candidate genes for the unknown genome segregation and cell division machineries were also identified, as well as seven transcription factors likely to be involved in cell-cycle control. Two serine-threonine protein kinases showed distinct cell-cycle-specific induction, suggesting regulation of the archaeal cell cycle also through protein modification. Two candidate recognition elements, CCR boxes, for transcription factors in control of cell-cycle regulons were identified among gene sets with similar induction kinetics. The results allow detailed characterization of the genome segregation, division, and replication processes and may, because of the extensive homologies between the archaeal and eukaryotic information machineries, also be applicable to core features of the eukaryotic cell cycle.Archaea ͉ chromosome replication ͉ microarrays ͉ mitosis ͉ Sulfolobus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome-wide transcription map of an archaeal cell cycle

Lundgren

Bernander

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This differential expression of snapin causes changes only in primary and not secondary dendrite number (Chen et al, 2005), again suggesting that the promotion of microtubule assembly locally regulates dendrite branching. Most studies have focused on axonal branching and growth cone guidance and that microtubule transport or changes in microtubule stability underlie these processes (Baas et al, 2005;Kalil and Dent, 2005). Given Figure 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RhoA Regulates Dendrite Branching in Hippocampal Neurons by Decreasing Cypin Protein Levels

Chen¹,

Firestein²

2007

J. Neurosci.

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The way a dendrite is patterned determines how a neuron will receive information. The Rho GTPases have been reported to play increasingly well defined roles in determining dendritic branch and spine development and morphology. Much is known about how these small GTPases regulate the actin cytoskeleton; however, very little is known about how they alter the microtubule cytoskeleton. Our laboratory previously cloned and characterized cypin, a guanine deaminase that increases dendrite number by binding to tubulin heterodimers and promoting microtubule assembly. In the present study, we show that cypin and RhoA are part of a common pathway that regulates dendrite number. Inhibition of Rho kinase activity does not affect cypin-mediated dendrite branching. Furthermore, cypin does not affect the activity of RhoA, as measured by GTP binding to RhoA. In fact, activated RhoA acts to inhibit cypin protein expression and, by doing so, decreases dendrite number. In addition, this decrease in cypin protein occurs via a translation-dependent mechanism. Together, our data suggest that cypin acts downstream of the small GTPase RhoA to regulate dendrite branching in hippocampal neurons, providing a novel mechanism for RhoA action on microtubule dynamics.

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“…The so-called cut-and-run model has been conceived by Baas et al [30] to explain the maintenance of the stationary state of the axonal MT network: MTs nucleate and polymerize at the centrosome in the soma and are then cut by a MT-breaking protein such as katanin. Katanin has indeed been shown to be located in higher concentrations near the centrosome [5].…”

Section: The Transport Network: Microtubule Dynamics In Axonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular transport driven by cytoskeletal motors: General mechanisms and defects

2015

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Cells are the elementary units of living organisms, which are able to carry out many vital functions. These functions rely on active processes on a microscopic scale. Therefore, they are strongly out-of-equilibrium systems, which are driven by continuous energy supply. The tasks that have to be performed in order to maintain the cell alive require transportation of various ingredients, some being small, others being large. Intracellular transport processes are able to induce concentration gradients and to carry objects to specific targets. These processes cannot be carried out only by diffusion, as cells may be crowded, and quite elongated on molecular scales. Therefore active transport has to be organized.The cytoskeleton, which is composed of three types of filaments (microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments), determines the shape of the cell, and plays a role in cell motion. It also serves as a road network for a special kind of vehicles, namely the cytoskeletal motors. These molecules can attach to a cytoskeletal filament, perform directed motion, possibly carrying along some cargo, and then detach.It is a central issue to understand how intracellular transport driven by molecular motors is regulated. The interest for this type of question was enhanced when it was discovered that intracellular transport breakdown is one of the signatures of some neuronal diseases like the Alzheimer.We give a survey of the current knowledge on microtubule based intracellular transport. Our review includes on the one hand an overview of biological facts, obtained from experiments, and on the other hand a presentation of some modeling attempts based on cellular automata. We present some background knowledge on the original and variants of the TASEP (Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process), before turning to more application oriented models. After addressing microtubule based transport in general, with a focus on in vitro experiments, and on cooperative effects in the transportation of large cargos by multiple motors, we concentrate on axonal transport, because of its relevance for neuronal diseases. Some important characteristics of axonal transport is that it takes place in a confined environment; Besides several types of motors are involved, that move in opposite directions. It is a challenge to understand how this bidirectional transport is organized. We review several features that could contribute to the efficiency of bidirectional transport in the axon, including in particular the role of motor-motor interactions and of the dynamics of the underlying microtubule network. Finally, we also discuss some open questions that may be relevant for future research in this field.

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Microtubules cut and run

Cited by 139 publications

References 46 publications

Genome-wide transcription map of an archaeal cell cycle

Genome-wide transcription map of an archaeal cell cycle

RhoA Regulates Dendrite Branching in Hippocampal Neurons by Decreasing Cypin Protein Levels

Intracellular transport driven by cytoskeletal motors: General mechanisms and defects

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