Microtubules and microfilaments in HSV-infected rabbit-kidney cells

Abstract

In rabbit kidney cells infected with strains of Herpes simplex virus producing either cell-rounding or polycaryocytosis. Vinblastine induced paracrystals. This could be shown by phase-contrast- and electron-microscopy. Infections were done under one-step-growth conditions or at low MOI. 90 per cent noninfected cells contained stress fibers as detected by Servablue R250-staining. Shortly after recruitment into polycaryocytes, stress fibres of normal length appearing in criss-cross arrangement can be seen in the periphery of these cells. Later they polymerize to very long fibers and finally they are partially destroyed. The time of destruction depends on the MOI employed. By using Actinomycin D and/or Cycloheximide as blocking agents, it could be shown that polymerization of microfilaments correlates in time with giant cell formation. In view of the fact that the virus synthesis is accompanied in parallel by a special rearrangement of microfilaments as well as polycaryocytosis, both these processes have to be considered as caused by early (and late ?) protein-synthesis (beta-/gamma-proteins) but not as induced by "very-early" proteins (alpha-proteins).

Comparison of Cytoskeletal Organization in Canine Distemper Virus-infected and Uninfected Cells

“…The distribution of myosin in the infected cells correlated well with previous reports on the actin-myosin complex in both transformed (Pollack et al, 1975;Weber & Grolschel-Stewart, 1974;Bourguignon & Rozek, 1978) and lyticaUy infected cell cultures (Fagraeus et al, 1978 ;Meyer et al, 1981 ;Heeg et al, 1981 ;Rutter & Mannweiler, 1977). In the case of tubulin, vimentin and keratin, at least two different organization patterns were noted in the infected cells after c.p.e, was well established.…”

“…Microfilament reorganization has been used as one indication of viral transformation of cultures (Pollack et al, 1975). More recently, changes in microfilament bundle patterns have been defined as possibly playing a role in the morphological alterations which occur during lytic infections induced by different viruses (Fagraeus et al, 1978;Heeg et al, 1981;Meyer et al, 1981). Moreover, studies on the formation of polykaryons after infection by the parainfluenza virus, SV5, revealed that thick bundles of both microtubules and intermediate filaments reformed into parallel rows during cell fusion (Wang et al, 1979).…”

Enhancement of Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Polykaryocyte Formation by 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol 13-Acetate: Association with the Reorganization of Actin Filaments and Cell Motility

“…On the other hand, it is well known that HSV induces changes in cell morphology, i.e. cytopathic effects, with alterations of the actin cytoskeleton seen late in viral infection [9,15,24]. The most prominent cellular alteration is polykaryocyte formation by syn-virus, in which actin filaments have been implicated [15].…”

“…cytopathic effects, with alterations of the actin cytoskeleton seen late in viral infection [9,15,24]. The most prominent cellular alteration is polykaryocyte formation by syn-virus, in which actin filaments have been implicated [15]. If TPA alters actin and its anchorage systems, it is supposed that virus-induced cell fusion would be modified in the presence of TPA.…”

“…Furthermore, many enveloped viruses, including measles virus, vaccinia virus, parainfluenza virus, Black Creek Canal virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1, utilize actin microfilaments during the processes of budding and maturation of virus particles from the infected cells, and during cell-to-cell transmission [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. With regard to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the actin microfilament system has been shown to play a role in the internalization of the virus, transport of viral protein VP22 and virus-induced cell fusion, because actin filament-disrupting drugs cytochalasin B and D inhibit these processes [15][16][17][18].…”