Microtubule Dynamics in Cell Division: Exploring Living Cells with Polarized Light Microscopy

Inoué, Shinya

doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175323

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The main role of the cytoskeleton is to stabilize and maintain the cell morphology, and to support the mutual association between the cellular and nuclear membranes. In addition, the cytoskeleton is involved in cell movement, cell polarity, cell division, and cytoplasmic transport, with an important significance in signal transduction (4). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell microtubules predominantly exist in the cytoplasm. As a component of the cellular spindle, eukaryotic cilium, centrosomes and other organelles, cell microtubules participate in the maintenance of cell morphology, cell polarity, cell motility, cell division, and intracellular transport, along with other cell biological functions, such as cytoskeleton formation (4). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of tubulin folding cofactor B in mouse hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between tubulin folding cofactor B (TBCB) expression and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. A total of 48 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group (Sham, n=6) and an ischemia-reperfusion group (n=42). The ischemia-reperfusion group was further divided into 6 subgroups as per different times after reperfusion (2,4,6,8,12 and 24 h), with 7 mice per subgroup. A hepatic IRI model was established in mice by clamping the hepatic hilum. Morphology, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the expression level of TBCB were detected. Compared with the control group, the livers from the ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly changed, particularly at 12 h following ischemia-reperfusion, with obvious hepatic cell degeneration and necrosis. The ALT, AST, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the sera of the mice in the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion group were increased at all time points following ischemia-reperfusion, and were the highest at 12 h, demonstrating statistically significant differences when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of TBCB, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased at all time-points following ischemia-reperfusion, and were the most significant at 12 h. At 24 h following ischemia-reperfusion, the expression levels had decreased. The present study indicated that TBCB expression is associated with TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels in mice with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, and may be key in the development of liver injury during ischemia-reperfusion in mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of tubulin folding cofactor B in mouse hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

et al. 2017

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“…Schmidt and prompted by Katsuma Dan, Shinya Inoué started in the 1940s to build his own polarizing microscope and went on to reproduce Schmidt’s observations of the birefringence of the living spindle. There were two challenges to overcome by young Shinya Inoué for detecting the weak birefringence of mitotic spindles (a personal reminiscence of this period is included in (Inoué, 2008b)). The first challenge was to lower the polarization distortions by every optical component in the microscope.…”

Section: Polarized Light Microscopy For Imaging Living Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Cells and Dynamic Molecules Observed with the Polarized Light Microscope: the Legacy of Shinya Inoué

Tani

Shribak

Oldenbourg

2016

The Biological Bulletin

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In 1948, Shinya Inoué arrived in the United States for graduate studies at Princeton. A year later he came to Woods Hole, starting a long tradition of summer research at MBL, which quickly became Inoué’s scientific home. Primed by his Japanese mentor Katsuma Dan, Inoué followed Dan’s mantra to work with healthy living cells, on a fundamental problem (mitosis), with a unique tool set that he refined for precise and quantitative observations (polarized light microscopy), and a fresh and brilliant mind that was unafraid of challenging current dogma. Building on this potent combination, Inoué contributed landmark observations and concepts in cell biology, including the notion of dynamic fine structures inside living cells in which molecular assemblies such as mitotic spindle fibers exist in a delicate equilibrium with their molecular building blocks suspended in the cytoplasm. In the late 1970s and 80s, Inoué and others at the MBL were instrumental in conceiving of video microscopy, a groundbreaking technique that married light microscopy and electronic imaging and ushered in a revolution in how we know and what we know about living cells and the molecular mechanisms of life. This article recounts some of Inoué’s accomplishments and how his legacy has shaped current activities in polarized light imaging at the MBL.

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“…Recently, researchers established that cytoskeletal components including actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments play key roles in cancer development and metastasis . Microtubules are a crucial structure for living cells and are involved in many biological functions, such as cell shape, polarity, cell motility, cell division, intracellular transport and cellular architecture . It is composed of a heterodimer, one α‐tubulin polypeptide and one β‐tubulin polypeptide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubulin cofactor A functions as a novel positive regulator of ccRCC progression, invasion and metastasis

Zhang

Song

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Microtubules (Mts), which consist of a/b-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cancer development and metastasis. Tubulin cofactor A (TBCA) plays crucial roles in modulating tubulin folding and a/b-tubulin heterodimer polymerization. Here, we identified the aberrant expression of TBCA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) specimens as well as cell lines and revealed the function of TBCA as a novel positive regulator in ccRCC progression, invasion and metastasis. qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays confirmed that TBCA was significantly highly expressed in ccRCC specimens and cell lines compared to their corresponding normal kidney tissues and HKC. Accordingly, the influence of TBCA on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion/migration was detected through overexpression and knockdown of endogenous TBCA protein level in ccRCC cells via plasmids. Silencing of TBCA expression inhibited the proliferation of 786-O cells and Caki-1 cells and promoted the apoptosis of 786-O cells. Down-regulation of TBCA expression also reduced the invasion and migration ability of 786-O cells. Interestingly, overexpression of TBCA did not induce biocharacteristics that directly contrasted to those of TBCA knockdown. Importantly, exploration of the mechanism showed that TBCA could function via modulating cytoskeleton integration and influencing cell cycle progress. Furthermore, down-regulation of TBCA expression in 786-O and Caki-1 cells affected cytoskeleton integration and cell size, induced S/G2 cell cycle arrest and led to cyclineA/E and CDK2 aberrant expression. By investigating novel roles of TBCA in regulation of ccRCC cell progression, invasion and metastasis, our study identified that TBCA may be a potential molecular target for ccRCC therapy.Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for about 3% of all malignancies. It is the second leading cause of death among all types of urologic tumors. 1 At present, radical or partial nephrectomy is still the most effective treatment for local ccRCC. However, prognosis remains poor for advanced and metastatic ccRCCs because of low sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, molecular targeted therapy has evolved rapidly with the clinical application of tumor-targeted agents such as sorafenib and sunitinib. Unfortunately, the risk of adverse events and disparate treatment outcomes limits the use of these agents. 2,3 Therefore, it is of great importance to find new molecular targets or markers to establish effective strategies for the treatment and early diagnosis of ccRCC.Recently, researchers established that cytoskeletal components including actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments play key roles in cancer development and metastasis. 4,5 Microtubules are a crucial structure for living cells and are involved in many biological functions, such as cell shape, polarity, cell motility, cell division, intracellular transport and cellular architecture. 6 It is composed of a heterodimer, one a-tubulin polypeptide and one b-tubulin polypeptide. A ...

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Microtubule Dynamics in Cell Division: Exploring Living Cells with Polarized Light Microscopy

Cited by 30 publications

References 80 publications

Expression of tubulin folding cofactor B in mouse hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Expression of tubulin folding cofactor B in mouse hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Living Cells and Dynamic Molecules Observed with the Polarized Light Microscope: the Legacy of Shinya Inoué

Tubulin cofactor A functions as a novel positive regulator of ccRCC progression, invasion and metastasis

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