Microsurgical anatomy of the dorsal thoracic rootlets and dorsal root entry zones

Bozkurt, Melih; Canbay, Suat; Neves, Gabriel; Aktüre, Erinç; Fidan, Emin; Salamat, M. Shahriar; Başkaya, Mustafa K.

doi:10.1007/s00701-012-1395-0

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Kubo et al [12] and Xiang et al [27] studied only the rootlets of the T1 segment and reported 6.8 and 7.7, respectively. Our results at T1 were 6.5±0.7 for right and 6.5±2.1 for left, which corresponded with the numbers reported by Boskurt et al [1] and Kubo et al [12]. Sindou and Goutelle [20] counted 4-5 dorsal thoracic rootlets.…”

Section: Number Of Rootletssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In accordance with former studies, in the present study the number of dorsal rootlets at the cervical level ranged between 2 and 10 and the number of rootlets was lowest at C2 and highest at C5 and C6 spinal levels. A recent study relating to the number of thoracic dorsal rootlets was by Boskurt et al [1]. They counted the largest (6.7±0.6) number of dorsal rootlets at T1 and fewest at T6 (4.4±1.1), T7 (4.2±0.6), and T8 (4.6±1.7).…”

Section: Number Of Rootletsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During DREZ, the dorsal rootlets must be carefully elevated, the PLS should be defined, and the lesion should be made in the appropriate direction. There have been numerous surgical and gross anatomical studies of the DREZ, however, there are no studies on the anatomy of the PLS itself [1,5,10,16,21,27]. The aim of the present study is to provide insight on three topics: (1) to describe the PLS and its variations using histological sections, (2) to report the variability in the number of dorsal rootlets of the spinal nerves, (3) to measure the height and width of the dorsal horn on histological sections for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Anatomy of the spinal dorsal root entry zone: its clinical significance

et al. 2014

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Section: Number Of Rootletssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Number Of Rootletsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Anatomy of the spinal dorsal root entry zone: its clinical significance

et al. 2014

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“…The interval between the thoracic nerve rootlets at each level is increased compared to the cervical and lumbosacral levels. [19] Bozkurt et al . found an average of 6.8 T1 segment rootlets in their study which corresponded with the results of three other separate studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…found an average of 6.8 T1 segment rootlets in their study which corresponded with the results of three other separate studies. [15181920] In addition, they found that T1 segment contained the largest number of thoracic nerve rootlets, in contrast to the T6, T7, and T10 segments which contained the fewest. [19] Kirazli et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical anatomy and significance of the thoracic intervertebral foramen: A cadaveric study and review of the literature

Gkasdaris

Trιpsianis

Kotopoulos

et al. 2016

J Craniovert Jun Spine

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Introduction:The literature is lacking information on the anatomy and the osseous dimensions of the thoracic intervertebral foramen (IVF). We describe the anatomy of the broader area, and we proceed with morphometric data of the vertebrae and the foramina. Depiction of these features is provided with imaging and illustrations. The purpose of this paper is to survey and present the anatomy of the foramen as a whole and provide baseline statistical data.Materials and Methods:We review relevant literature, and we present data obtained from skeletal samples of known population and sex. One hundred and nineteen thoracic vertebrae of ten cadaveric spines from the prefecture of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece, were selected. Statistical analysis measuring the vertical height and the foraminal width of each vertebra was made in accordance with sex.Results:No statistically important differences referring to the descriptive data of both sexes were found. However, statistically, important positive correlation between the vertebral height and the foraminal width was observed, especially for men. The components of the foramen including arteries and veins passing through or neighboring it, and the spinal nerves and roots are described and depicted.Conclusions:The osseous thoracic IVF reveals a glimpse of the in vivo structure and alterations of its width may be present in back pain and other degenerative diseases. Although it is crucial for surgeries and other interventional procedures of the thoracic spine, little is known about the precise anatomy and dimensions of this anatomical landmark.

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Microsurgical anatomy of the posterior median septum of the human spinal cord

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to analyze the topographical anatomy of the dorsal spinal cord (SC) in relation to the posterior median septum (PMS). This included the course and variations in the PMS, and its relationship to and distance from other dorsal spinal landmarks. Microsurgical anatomy of the PMS was examined in 12 formalin-fixed adult cadaveric SCs. Surface landmarks such as the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), the denticulate ligament, the architecture of the leptomeninges and pial vascular distribution were noted. The PMS was examined histologically in all spinal segments. The PMS extended most deeply at spinal segments C7 and S4. This was statistically significant for all spinal segments except C5. The PMS was shallowest at segments T4 and T6, where it was statistically significantly thinner than at any other segment. In 80% of the SCs, small blood vessels were identified that traveled in a rostrocaudal direction in the PMS. The longest distance between the PMS and the DREZ was at the C1-C4 vertebral levels and the shortest distance was at the S5 level. Prevention of deficits following a dorsal midline neurosurgical approach to deep-seated SC lesions requires careful identification of the midline of the cord. The PMS and septum define the midline on the dorsum of the SC and their accurate identification is essential for a safe midline surgical approach. In this anatomical study, we describe the surface anatomy of the dorsal SC and its relationship with the PMS, which can be used to determine a safe entry zone into the SC.

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Microsurgical anatomy of the dorsal thoracic rootlets and dorsal root entry zones

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Anatomy of the spinal dorsal root entry zone: its clinical significance

Anatomy of the spinal dorsal root entry zone: its clinical significance

Clinical anatomy and significance of the thoracic intervertebral foramen: A cadaveric study and review of the literature

Microsurgical anatomy of the posterior median septum of the human spinal cord

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