Anatomy of the spinal dorsal root entry zone: its clinical significance

Kirazlı, Özlem; Tatarlı, Necati; Güçlü, Bülent; Ceylan, Davut; Ziyal, Ibrahim M.; Keleş, Evren; Çavdar, Safiye

doi:10.1007/s00701-014-2252-0

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…found that the average number of dorsal thoracic rootlets is 6.6 ± 0.8, which is higher than what Sindou found. [1718] They counted 4–5 dorsal thoracic rootlets easily separated and identifiable. The interval between the thoracic nerve rootlets at each level is increased compared to the cervical and lumbosacral levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…found an average of 6.8 T1 segment rootlets in their study which corresponded with the results of three other separate studies. [15181920] In addition, they found that T1 segment contained the largest number of thoracic nerve rootlets, in contrast to the T6, T7, and T10 segments which contained the fewest. [19] Kirazli et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…found that the T1, T3, T4, T11, and T12 levels contained the largest number of dorsal thoracic rootlets while their results about the fewest correlate well with the observations of Bozkurt et al . [1819] As the T1 spinal nerve contributes to form the brachial plexus, it can be explained why it has a high number of rootlets. Similarly, the high number of dorsal thoracic rootlets of the T11 and T12 levels is justified because of their contribution to the lumbar plexus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical anatomy and significance of the thoracic intervertebral foramen: A cadaveric study and review of the literature

Gkasdaris

Trιpsianis

Kotopoulos

et al. 2016

J Craniovert Jun Spine

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Introduction:The literature is lacking information on the anatomy and the osseous dimensions of the thoracic intervertebral foramen (IVF). We describe the anatomy of the broader area, and we proceed with morphometric data of the vertebrae and the foramina. Depiction of these features is provided with imaging and illustrations. The purpose of this paper is to survey and present the anatomy of the foramen as a whole and provide baseline statistical data.Materials and Methods:We review relevant literature, and we present data obtained from skeletal samples of known population and sex. One hundred and nineteen thoracic vertebrae of ten cadaveric spines from the prefecture of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece, were selected. Statistical analysis measuring the vertical height and the foraminal width of each vertebra was made in accordance with sex.Results:No statistically important differences referring to the descriptive data of both sexes were found. However, statistically, important positive correlation between the vertebral height and the foraminal width was observed, especially for men. The components of the foramen including arteries and veins passing through or neighboring it, and the spinal nerves and roots are described and depicted.Conclusions:The osseous thoracic IVF reveals a glimpse of the in vivo structure and alterations of its width may be present in back pain and other degenerative diseases. Although it is crucial for surgeries and other interventional procedures of the thoracic spine, little is known about the precise anatomy and dimensions of this anatomical landmark.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical anatomy and significance of the thoracic intervertebral foramen: A cadaveric study and review of the literature

Gkasdaris

Trιpsianis

Kotopoulos

et al. 2016

J Craniovert Jun Spine

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“…Essa alteração é compatível com aquela provocada pela DREZotomia, com uma extensão máxima de 2,54 mm no corte axial, representando 43,4% da espessura total da medula nessa trajetória. Tal extensão da lesão cirúrgica na DREZ é compatível com aquela relatada por outros autores (2,0 a 3,0mm) [1][2][3]5,8,9,[11][12][13][14][15][17][18][20][21][22][24][25][26][27]29,34,36,37,[41][42][43] . Observa-se, ainda, Não se observam as raízes ou nervos espinhais nos níveis C6 e C7.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

DREZotomia

Goulart¹,

Carneiro²,

Filho³

2018

jbnc

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Objetivo: Relatar a aplicação e revisar o papel da DREZotomia no tratamento da dor neuropática após avulsão do plexo braquial, avaliar o impacto da lesão intramedular pré-operatória associada no resultado cirúrgico e mostrar o aspecto radiológico da lesão medular terapêutica. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de dois casos, revisão de literatura e discussão dos achados. Resultados: Apresentamos os casos de dois pacientes com dor neuropática secundária à avulsão do plexo braquial, confirmada por ressonância magnética (RM) e eletromiografia. Os componentes, constante e intermitente, da dor neuropática foram relatados pelos dois pacientes e, dor evocada, por um deles. RM pré-operatória de um dos pacientes demonstrou lesão intramedular decorrente da avulsão do plexo braquial. Foram submetidos à DREZotomia, obtendo-se completo alívio de todos os componentes da dor em ambos, resposta esta que se mantém até o presente (“ follow-up” de 17 e 5 meses). RM pós-operatória realizada em um dos pacientes confirmou lesão por radiofrequência da zona de entrada da raiz dorsal. Conclusão: Embora o período de seguimento seja ainda curto, a DREZotomia se mostrou eficaz no alívio da dor neuropática em nossos pacientes, um deles apresentando lesão intramedular associada, sugerindo que este achado não seja um indicativo de mau prognóstico em todos os casos.

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“…These rotating currents may reflect the summation of synaptic activity and currents from the dorsal column pathway. However, considering the complexity of the entry zone of the spinal nerve root into the spinal cord 49–51 , further investigation is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetospinography visualizes electrophysiological activity in the cervical spinal cord

Sumiya

Kawabata

Hoshino

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Diagnosis of nervous system disease is greatly aided by functional assessments and imaging techniques that localize neural activity abnormalities. Electrophysiological methods are helpful but often insufficient to locate neural lesions precisely. One proposed noninvasive alternative is magnetoneurography (MNG); we have developed MNG of the spinal cord (magnetospinography, MSG). Using a 120-channel superconducting quantum interference device biomagnetometer system in a magnetically shielded room, cervical spinal cord evoked magnetic fields (SCEFs) were recorded after stimulation of the lower thoracic cord in healthy subjects and a patient with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and after median nerve stimulation in healthy subjects. Electrophysiological activities in the spinal cord were reconstructed from SCEFs and visualized by a spatial filter, a recursive null-steering beamformer. Here, we show for the first time that MSG with high spatial and temporal resolution can be used to map electrophysiological activities in the cervical spinal cord and spinal nerve.

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Anatomy of the spinal dorsal root entry zone: its clinical significance

Abstract: The detailed anatomy of the variations of the PLS and the average number of rootlets at each spinal level can increase the success of regional surgery. Further, fine measurements on histological sections can give detailed knowledge on the size necessary for lesioning in DREZ operations.

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Clinical anatomy and significance of the thoracic intervertebral foramen: A cadaveric study and review of the literature

Clinical anatomy and significance of the thoracic intervertebral foramen: A cadaveric study and review of the literature

DREZotomia

Magnetospinography visualizes electrophysiological activity in the cervical spinal cord

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