Microsurgery education in Spain

Abstract

Prior to microsurgery practice on patients, microsurgical skills should be learned in a simulated and controlled environment to increase success rates and reduce surgical complications. These favorable environments have historically been the microsurgery laboratories. The use of the experimental animals has allowed surgical trainees to interact with anatomical structures and physiological processes that a microsurgeon has to face in daily clinical scenarios. In recent decades, there has been an increase in simulation methods to reduce the number of animals used for training purposes and thus meet animal welfare criteria.Spain has a long history in the practice and teaching of microsurgery, this manuscript aims to highlight the importance of first educators, as well as to evaluate the current situation and future perspectives.

Review of robotic surgery platforms and end effectors

“…The robotic platform is suitable for microsurgery and super microsurgery. Two wristed robotic arms, equipped with the NanoWrist® robotic micro instruments, make up the Symani® Surgical System [ 32 ]. The wrist's seven degrees of freedom provide the control and accuracy required for surgeons to manipulate delicate sutures and procedures.…”

An introductory review of robotically assisted surgical systems

“…The Symani Console is ergonomic and allows the surgeon to directly control the manipulators in the same manner as they would with manual instrumentation. The console can be used with a heads‐up 3D visualization system 21 . Symani got the CE Mark in October 2020.…”

“…The console can be used with a heads-up 3D visualization system. 21 Symani got the CE Mark in October 2020.…”