Instrumental robotics aims to provide function-oriented solutions for given technical problems. Micro-Electro- Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) technologies provide miniaturized instruments, capable of effective duty-cycles at millimeter ranges. This review of current developments describes example devices, developed for intracorporeal operations; - system architectures, mainly concerned with problem-solving approaches and synthetic outlines of modified methods and layouts. This review is principally concerned with technologies, but the nature of the medical surroundings cannot be disregarded. Robotic devices serve surgical staff to help them accomplish surgical procedures. Safety and reliability require high functional and structural performance, especially for the active, autonomous stages of the operation. All these aspects are considered, and an overview is presented of characteristic features generally required for the miniaturization of instruments used in remote access surgery.
PurposeThe aim of the research is to design, build and test a robot able to autonomously execute slope consolidation tasks.Design/methodology/approachA multidisciplinary approach has been adopted to solve the problem: mechanical and control architecture have been conceived simultaneously. Modularity and lifecycle are considered. The robot can climb by means of four legs and two ropes. The drilling system is hosted onboard. Drilling process is fully automated, motion can be controlled in tele‐operation.FindingsThe performance of the first prototype has satisfied the end‐user; new on‐site tests and improvements are planned.Research limitations/implicationsRoboclimber is cumbersome; both robot transport and on‐site positioning are complex operations. Coordination between legs motion and ropes tensioning is a difficult task.Practical implicationsThe system reduces operating costs and working time, while avoiding the human presence in unsafe and harsh environments.Originality/valueRoboclimber is the first robot able to do heavy duty works on rocky walls
The paper describes co‐robotic devices, aiming at accomplishing surgical operations by remote overseeing and manipulation. The concept design of a modular layout is presented, assuring body penetration by curved and twisted paths, with minimal impact. The fixture develops as an articulated snake‐like forearm, carrying a wrist and the pertinent effectors; scalpels, scissors, sewing rigs, cameras, etc. The fixture is a good example of a micro electro mechanical system, with force‐actuation and shape‐control being intrinsic properties. Different options are studied and the related basic operational characteristics are summarised and compared. The jointed forearm might include one to six blocks. Specifically, task‐oriented end‐effectors are considered, e.g. a self‐operating sewing rig, able to operate with a single thread. The robot co‐operation will drastically modify surgery practice, giving freedom from anthropocentric bounds; the paper introduces such opportunities, with comments on typical control strategies and hints on actual performance, inferred by testing on virtual reality and digital mock‐ups.
Purpose:The scope of the work is to present the state of the art of robotically assisted surgical systems and to give a general idea about how technology can help today and tomorrow robotic surgery. The road to innovation passes through research and on field trials; for this reason, not only commercial surgery robots, but also innovative prototype robots, proposed by the Academic world, are presented.Design/methodology/approach: Following a short introduction, robotically assisted surgery systems are introduced discussing their architectures and main peculiarities. A further section is dedicated to the key enabling technologies that will make possible to improve current systems and that will lead to a new generation of surgical robotic systems able to meet the patient's needs and facilitate the surgeon's task. Finally, brief concluding comments are given. Findings:The idea of using robots for surgery was born many years ago and in a short time a market demand was created. Today the market is very dynamic, and several new products are updated and created for the execution of both traditional and new procedures. The article provides a guide for the reader who has an interest in this area.Originality/value: This paper provides an insight into the commercial robotic surgical systems and a look on research prototypes from academic and industrial worlds.
Robotic surgery began as a technology-driven innovation but is now becoming a genuine method of improving healthcare effectiveness worldwide. This comprehensive review introduces the current trends, using examples of specific systems to distinguish the various types of robotic surgical devices, from remote handling machines to those performing delicate local interventions. We end by commenting on how to extend existing systems and provide an account of the rapid developments in minimally invasive robotic surgery.
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