“…However, the titanium alloys currently in use also exhibit a high elastic modulus (110 GPa) in comparison to that of the human bone elastic modulus (10-30 GPa), fact that may cause the stress-shielding phenomenon and result in the premature failure of the implant; This factor, in turn, is considered to be a major cause of revision surgeries (Zhou and Luo, 2011;Zhou and Niinomi, 2009;Zhentao and Lian, 2006;Hao et al, 2006). As a result, during the last decades, increasing attention has been given to the development of new type-ȕ titanium alloys, they are assumed to be possible substitutes for the most widely used alloy in orthopedic applications -Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Niinomi et al, 2012;Gabriel et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2006a;Guo et al, 2010;Lopes et al, 2011).…”