Microstructure of Steel 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N Alloyed by Rare Earth

Yu, Shi-chang; Zhu, Qiu-hua; Shen-qing, WU; Gong, You-jun; Gong, Yuan-sheng; Ming-sheng, Lian; Ye, Gang; Cheng, Yi-jun

doi:10.1016/s1006-706x(06)60042-3

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Heat-resistant steel 53Cr21Mn9Ni4N (21-4N steel) has been widely used for engine exhaust valves because it has excellent strength and toughness at high temperatures, as well as strong corrosion resistance in extreme working environments [1]. In the past decades, 21-4N steel has attracted the attentions of scientists and engineers [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M₇C₃→M₂₃C₆ carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel

Liu

Han

Zan

et al. 2019

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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This paper presents the effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M 7 C 3 → M 23 C 6 (M = Cr and/or Fe) carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel. 21-4N heat-resistant steel was calculated by using the FactSage. The equilibrium carbide phase is M 23 C 6 and is stable up to 1492 K in Mg-added 21-4N heat-resistant steel. The studies involve a wide range of experimental techniques to characterize the investigated steels in the as-cast and hot-rolled state, including X-ray diffractometer, confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and microhardness testers. In the as-cast and hot-rolled samples with different magnesium contents, M 7 C 3 was detected due to nonequilibrium solidification, while the carbide types are M 23 C 6 in the prediction from equilibrium phase diagram. Lamellar structure in the as-cast sample is composed of FCC austenite and M 23 C 6 . And blocky shape carbide M 7 C 3 is wrapped by the lamellar structure M 23 C 6 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M₇C₃→M₂₃C₆ carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel

Liu

Han

Zan

et al. 2019

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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“…21-4N is an austenitic heat-resistant steel used in very hostile environments, such as those with high temperature, high pressure and corrosive gas. It is characterized by high tensile strength and yield strength, good oxidation resistance, excellent chemical stability and good high-temperature mechanical properties, and is widely used in the manufacture of engine valves [1,2,3,4,5]. The mechanical properties of 21-4N heat-resistant steel at high temperature are derived from the heat treatment process; solution treatment and aging treatment have a significant effect on enhancing its strength and corrosion resistance [6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Deformation Characteristics—Constitutive Equation and Processing Maps—of 21-4N Heat-Resistant Steel

et al. 2018

Materials

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The hot deformation behavior of 21-4N heat-resistant steel was studied by hot compression test in a deformation temperature range of 1000–1180 °C, a strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1 and a deformation degree of 60%, and the stress-strain curves were obtained. The functional relationship between flow stress and process parameters (deformation degree, deformation temperature, strain rate, etc.) of 21-4N heat-resistant steel during hot deformation was explored, the constitutive equation of peak stress was established, and its accuracy was verified. Based on the dynamic material model, the energy dissipation maps and destabilization maps of 21-4N heat-resistant steel were established at strains of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6, and processing maps were obtained by their superposition. Within the deformation temperature range of 1060~1120°C and a strain rate range of 0.01–0.1 s−1, there is a stable domain with the peak efficiency of about 0.5. The best hot working parameters (strain rate and deformation temperature) of 21-4N heat-resistant steel are determined by the stable and instable domain in the processing maps, which are in the deformation temperature range of 1120–1180 °C and the strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1.

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“…In the practical production process, the segregation is inevitable so measures are taken such as decreasing or refining the eutectic carbides, increasing nucleation or inhibiting the growth of eutectic carbides. However, methods such as accelerating the cooling rate [15,16], adopting low superheat [17], adding an alloy element [18][19][20][21] or rare earth for modification treatment [22][23][24][25] bring a very limited improvement to the mechanical properties of steel. The addition of alloying elements in high-carbon tool steels is one of the countermeasures in controlling carbides in these steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Titanium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel 8Cr13MoV

Shi

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:The effect of titanium on the carbides and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 8Cr13MoV was studied. The results showed that TiCs not only acted as nucleation sites for δ-Fe and eutectic carbides, leading to the refinement of the microstructure, but also inhibited the formation of eutectic carbides M 7 C 3 . The addition of titanium in steel also promoted the transformation of M 7 C 3 -type to M 23 C 6 -type carbides, and consequently more carbides could be dissolved into the matrix during hot processing as demonstrated by the determination of extracted carbides from the steel matrix. Meanwhile, titanium suppressed the precipitation of secondary carbides during annealing. The appropriate amount of titanium addition decreased the size and fraction of primary carbides in the as-cast ingot, and improved the mechanical properties of the annealed steel.

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Microstructure of Steel 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N Alloyed by Rare Earth

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M₇C₃→M₂₃C₆ carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel

Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M₇C₃→M₂₃C₆ carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel

Hot Deformation Characteristics—Constitutive Equation and Processing Maps—of 21-4N Heat-Resistant Steel

Effect of Titanium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel 8Cr13MoV

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Microstructure of Steel 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N Alloyed by Rare Earth

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M7C3→M23C6 carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel

Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M7C3→M23C6 carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel

Hot Deformation Characteristics—Constitutive Equation and Processing Maps—of 21-4N Heat-Resistant Steel

Effect of Titanium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel 8Cr13MoV

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Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M₇C₃→M₂₃C₆ carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel

Effect of magnesium on the morphology of carbides and on M₇C₃→M₂₃C₆ carbides transformation in the 21-4N heat-resistant steel