Microstructure of Kinetic Spray Coatings: A Review

Lee, Changhee; Kim, Jaeick

doi:10.1007/s11666-015-0223-5

Cited by 112 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…For the case of metallic glasses, on the other hand, CS may result in nanocrystallisation of the initially amorphous phase [89]. More examples of amorphization and dynamic recrystallization in cold-sprayed deposits are reported in the literature [124,[130][131][132].…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

et al. 2016

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Cold spraying is a solid-state powder deposition process with several unique characteristics, allowing production of coatings or bulk components from a wide range of materials. The process has attracted much attention from academia and industry over the past two decades.The technical interest in cold spraying is twofold: first as a coating process for applications in surface technology, and second as a solid-state additive manufacturing process, offering an alternative to selective laser melting or electron beam melting methods. Moreover, cold spraying can be used to study materials behaviour under extremely high strain rates, high pressures and high cooling rates. The cold spraying process is thus considered to be relevant for various industrial applications, as well as for fundamental studies in materials science.This article aims to provide an overview of the cold spray process, the current understanding of the deposition mechanisms, and the related models and experiments, from a materials science perspective. IntroductionCold spraying (CS) is a solid-state material deposition technique, where micron-sized particles of a powder bond to a substrate as a result of high-velocity impact and the associated severe plastic deformation. Acceleration of particles to high velocities is obtained via expansion of a pressurised and (ironically) 'hot' gas through a diverging-converging nozzle.Despite heating the process gas -which is to provide higher acceleration of the gas and also to facilitate particle deformation through thermal softening -the feedstock remains in the solid state throughout the entire process; hence the name 'cold' spraying. This is to underline the contrast to conventional thermal spraying where particles are completely or partially molten upon impact onto the substrate. Alternative terminology includes cold gas spray, micro cold spray, cold gas dynamic spray, kinetic spray, supersonic particle deposition and metal powder application (MPA), all of which refer to the same principle of solid-state powder deposition as described above. CS is used for coating and repair. It is also used for additive manufacturing (AM) at relatively high deposition rates as compared to the methods based on selective laser or electron beam melting. The main advantage of CS is that it alleviates the problems associated with high temperature processing of materials, such as oxidation and unfavourable structural changes. It is possibly the only continuous method to produce bulk components of metastable materials that are available only in the powder form, e.g. as obtained from mechanical attrition or gas atomisation. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of CS from a materials perspective, particularly for a broader audience in materials research, e.g. with interest in dynamic phenomena, plasticity and phase transformations. In terms of application and properties, CS is perhaps best to be compared to thermal spraying processes, as in [24,25]. In view of relevant physical phenomena, however, CS is mos...

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

et al. 2016

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“…ese rapid physical and Euler angle EBSD patterns of the cross section of an Al 6061 particle in the cold-sprayed coating [18]. 2 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering chemical changes work together, leading to the nanocrystallization of metal particles in the form of grain re nement [10,15,16]. Figure 2 shows the FIB-SEM imaging of the cross section of a Cu particle depositing onto a Cu substrate [17].…”

Section: Nanocrystallization In Cold-sprayedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, although nanoparticles cannot be deposited directly by cold spray, cold-sprayed metal coatings can still exhibit nanostructure. Firstly, nanocrystallization in the form of grain re nement always occurs at the interparticle and coatingsubstrate interfacial regions during the deposition process due to the dynamic recrystallization, which can result in nanostructured grains within the cold-sprayed coating [10,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Secondly, the starting feedstock for cold spray can be nanocrystalline powders [14,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]; in this case, the coating retains the nanostructure of the starting powders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold‐Sprayed Metal Coatings with Nanostructure

Yin

Chen

Suo

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Cold spray is a solid-state coating deposition technology developed in the 1980s. In comparison with conventional thermal spray processes, cold spray can retain the original properties of feedstock, prevent the adverse influence on the underlying substrate materials, and produce very thick coatings. Coatings with nanostructure offer the potential for significant improvements in physical and mechanical properties as compared with conventional non-nanostructured coatings. Cold spray has also demonstrated great capability to produce coatings with nanostructure. is paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of cold-sprayed metal coatings with nanostructure. A brief introduction of the cold spray technology is provided first. e nanocrystallization phenomenon in the conventional cold-sprayed metal coatings is then addressed. ereafter, focus is switched to the microstructure and properties of the cold-sprayed nanocrystalline metal coatings, and the cold-sprayed nanomaterialreinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings. At the end, summary and future perspectives of the cold spray technology in producing metal coatings with nanostructure are concluded.

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“…We assume that a partially amorphous phase in the Al5Mg film was produced as a result of thermal spraying with rapid cooling. 22,23) Then, ultra-fine grains of Al5Mg alloy were generated from the amorphous phase owing to the recuperative heat provided by spraying. Figure 7 shows the results of elongation measurements of the new Al5Mg coated and bared 1.29 GPa class high strength bolts.…”

Section: Properties Of Aluminum -Magnesium Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement Using Ultra Rapid Cooling Thermal Spraying Gun

Morimoto¹,

Kumai²

2017

ISIJ Int.

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Films of crystalline aluminum, titanium, and amorphous alloy prevent hydrogen entry into steel. Thermal spraying is a convenient method for producing coatings on metal substrates. However, as conventional thermal spray coatings have pores and cracks, they cannot prevent hydrogen entry sufficiently. In this study, with the use of new thermal spray guns that enable nitrogen gas cooling, aluminum-magnesium, titanium, amorphous coatings were fabricated and their anti-hydrogen-embrittlement effects were evaluated by a conventional strain rate tensile test. Passivated alumina film on the aluminum-magnesium coating, passivated chromium oxide film on the iron-chromium-based amorphous coating, and generated nitrogen titanium film on the titanium coating were expected to prevent hydrogen entry and hydrogen embrittlement.

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Microstructure of Kinetic Spray Coatings: A Review

Cited by 112 publications

References 98 publications

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

Cold spraying – A materials perspective

Cold‐Sprayed Metal Coatings with Nanostructure

Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement Using Ultra Rapid Cooling Thermal Spraying Gun

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