Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy produced by friction stir processing with air-cooling

Iwaszko, J.; Kudła, Krzysztof

doi:10.1007/s00170-021-07474-9

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The novelty of the work is an innovative method of cooling the sample during FSP, namely by means of an air stream cooled to −11 °C with a jet cooling nozzle. The proposed solution is located between cooling with compressed air and cooling with cryogenic agents and combines the main advantages of air (cleanliness, no need to remove the coolant from the working area or its disposal/management after treatment) and the advantages of cooling with cryogenic agents (high cooling intensity) [ 52 ]. The advantage of the solution used in this study over air cooling results from the much lower air temperature generated by the jet cooling nozzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Microstructure and Properties of Air-Cooled Friction-Stir-Processed 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Iwaszko

Kudła

2022

Materials

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A rolled plate of 7075 aluminum alloy was friction-stir-processed (FSP) with simultaneous cooling by an air stream cooled to −11 °C with a jet cooling nozzle. Two variants of air blowing were used: at an angle of 45° to the sample surface and at an angle of 90°. The reference material was a sample subjected to analogous treatment but naturally cooled in still air. The microstructural tests revealed strong grain refinement in all the samples, with higher grain refinement obtained in the air-cooled friction-stir-processed samples. For the naturally cooled samples, the average grain size in the near-surface area was 7.6 µm, while for the air-cooled sample, it was 1.4 µm for the 45° airflow variant and 3.2 µm for the 90° airflow variant. A consequence of the greater grain refinement was that the hardness of the air-cooled friction-stir-processed samples was higher than that of the naturally cooled samples. The improvement in abrasive wear resistance was achieved only in the case of the friction-stir-processed specimens with air cooling. It was found that the change in the air blowing angle affects not only the degree of grain refinement in the stirring zone, but also the geometrical structure of the surface. In all the samples, FSP caused redistribution of the intermetallic precipitates combined with their partial dissolution in the matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Microstructure and Properties of Air-Cooled Friction-Stir-Processed 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Iwaszko

Kudła

2022

Materials

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“…This situation is caused by oxidations that occur with temperature during the FSP. 48 Besides, the Zn ratio in the FSPed AZ31B alloy is higher than the untreated alloy (1.3%), with a value of 2.4%. For the case of FSPed alloy, obtained percentage of Zn ratio of 2.4 is suitable with the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effect of friction stir process on the mechanical, tribological, and biocompatibility properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy as a biomaterial: A pilot study

Asl

Çelik-Uzuner

Uzuner

et al. 2022

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Recently, AZ31B magnesium alloy has been widely employed in automotive, aerospace, and bio implant industries due to its light-weight and biocompatibility properties. However, the equilibrium of ductility and strength of this material and the negativity brought by its poor wear behavior have limited its versatile use. Friction stir processing (FSP) has been commonly used as severe plastic deformation method for improving mechanical and tribological properties of metal sheets. The effect of this method on the biocompatibility of materials is a matter of curiosity that should be emphasized. So, the present study aims to investigate the effect of friction stir process on the mechanical, tribological, and biocompatibility properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy. It is observed that FSP enhanced the tensile properties of the alloy but decreased its elongation. It was determined that the base material exhibited ductile character on the fracture surface of the specimens, and mixed ductile/brittle fracture was evident with the FSP. In the FSP zone, the hardness value was improved by 17% compared to the base material. Also, the wear performance of the alloy enhanced in ambient air and Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution. Wear properties in SBF solution were better due to less adhesive bonds between the friction surfaces. This assessment was supported by SEM images of the wear path and surface of counter bodies. On the other hand, FSPed AZ31B alloy materials with improved strength properties were not cytotoxic for human gingival fibroblasts, and these results may suggest that the materials are safe for clinical uses.

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“…Venkataiah et al [40] observed the increased microhardness values due to the reduction of intermetallic phase and existence of supersaturated grains with Zn solute atoms in friction stir processed (FSP) ZE41 Mg alloy. Iwaszko et al [41] confirmed the improvement in the microhardness by solid solution strengthening caused by β-Mg17Al12 phase dissolution in AZ91 mg matrix during the FSP. These factors also obviously suggest that the changes in the size and distribution of secondary phase and solute atoms promote the strengthening and lead to the improved hardness of microtube in addition to the role of grain size.…”

Section: Impact Of Fsbe Parameters On Microhardness and Corrosion Ratementioning

confidence: 92%

Harnessing friction stir back extrusion process to fabricate microtubes from as-cast Mg–4Zn–0.7Zr-1.6RE magnesium alloy

Lakshminarayanan¹,

Ramachandran²,

Bakkiyaraj³

et al. 2022

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Friction Stir Back Extrusion (FSBE) is a novel manufacturing process widely used to produce lightweight tubes with superior mechanical properties. This work aims to establish the optimum process parameters of the FSBE method to fabricate flaw-free small-scale magnesium microtubes from as-cast Mg-Zn-Zr-Re magnesium alloy. FSBE experimental trials in the light of the Taguchi optimization were attempted to optimize and develop relationships that can link the crucial process parameters, namely tool rotational rate, feed rate, and billet preheating temperature of the FSBE process on the microstructural alterations, microhardness, and corrosion resistance characteristics. The results suggest that the FSBE parameters, especially the tool feed rate, have a crucial influence on the performance attributes of microtubes. Additionally, it is evident that both the tool rotation rate and feed rate significantly affect the formation of dynamically recrystallized fraction (DRX) of the stir zone. The stir zone has achieved a higher density of fine recrystallized grains than the base metal region, which subsequently led to a spike in the microhardness values of this zone. This study has determined that the FSBE technique significantly enhanced the corrosion degradation resistance of microtubes as compared with cast material. The optimal FSBE parameters such as tool rotational rate of 1440 rpm, feed rate of 20 mm/min, and billet preheating temperature of 100 oC have offered microtubes with the highest microhardness and lowest corrosion degradation rate.

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Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy produced by friction stir processing with air-cooling

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Evolution of Microstructure and Properties of Air-Cooled Friction-Stir-Processed 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Evolution of Microstructure and Properties of Air-Cooled Friction-Stir-Processed 7075 Aluminum Alloy

The effect of friction stir process on the mechanical, tribological, and biocompatibility properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy as a biomaterial: A pilot study

Harnessing friction stir back extrusion process to fabricate microtubes from as-cast Mg–4Zn–0.7Zr-1.6RE magnesium alloy

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