Microstructure features on rolling surfaces of railway rails subjected to heavy loading

Wang, L; Pyzalla, A.; Stadlbauer, W.; Werner, Ewald

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(03)00327-7

Cited by 81 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For the last twenty years, the weight and velocity of freight trains have been increasing steadily, resulting in the development of "Tribological Surface Transformations" (TSTs) or "White Etching Layers" (WELs) [1][2][3][4] (see Figure 1(a)). TSTs are the irreversible solid-solid phase transformations which occur both at the surface and in depth, in the immediately vicinity of the wheels of passing trains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Model for Tribological Surface Transformations Occuring on the Railroads: Irreversible Near-Surface Metallurgical Transformations

Antoni

2012

ISRN Metallurgy

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During the manufacturing processes or the operational phases, some materials are liable to undergo metallurgical phenomena known as irreversible solid-solid phase transformations or Tribological Surface Transformations (TSTs). The treads of several rails in the French railroad network have been affected by TSTs. The kinetic model presented in this paper describes the initiation of TSTs and their development near the rail surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Model for Tribological Surface Transformations Occuring on the Railroads: Irreversible Near-Surface Metallurgical Transformations

Antoni

2012

ISRN Metallurgy

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“…Regions of thick W EL are subjected to the main load of the rail containing retained austenite (as an evidence of heating above the austenitizing temperature) and the high degree of martensite tetragonality. The phase analysis and previous papers [2,6] indicate that cementite is completely decomposed in all surface regions and especially in the thick W EL carbon is embedded in the matrix in the supersaturated state (solid solution of carbon). Figure 4 shows that the regions containing retained austenite and the high degree of martensite tetragonality exhibit broadened diffraction XRD peaks expressed in term of full width at half maximum (FWHM) and higher magnitude of compressive stresses which correspond with the high W EL hardness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Analysis of Structure Transformations in Rail Surface Induced by Plastic Deformation via Barkhausen Noise Emission

et al. 2017

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This paper reports about magnetic Barkhausen noise emission of the rail surface exposed to long time cyclic plastic deformation. Severe plastic deformation of the rail surface induces remarkable structure transformations and alterations of stress state which contribute to valuable decrease of the Barkhausen noise emission compared to untouched surface of the rail. The paper analyses correlation between the Barkhausen noise signals (as well as extracted Barkhausen noise envelopes) and surface state (expressed in terms of micrographs, microhardness readings and residual stresses). This study would contribute to a possible concept for preventing unexpected rails deformation (or cracking) due to their thermal dilatation via the Barkhausen noise technique.

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“…[7][8][9][10][11] The WEL on the rail tracks is composed mainly of a nanostructured Fe-C alloy transformed from pearlite. The heavy plastic deformation at the wheel-rail contact zone causes a microstructure change similar to that in mechanical alloying processes.…”

Section: A Relation With White Etching Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrite and Spheroidized Cementite Ultrafine Microstructure Formation in an Fe-0.67 Pct C Steel for Railway Wheels under Simulated Service Conditions

Handa

Kimura

Mishima

2009

Metall Mater Trans A

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The microstructure development of a high-carbon steel (0.67 pct C) for railway wheels as they are affected by rolling contact with rail tracks and by cyclic frictional heat from braking is studied in the vicinity of the contact surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction. An ultrafine microstructure consisting of ferrite grains with a size of less than 1 lm and spheroidized cementite particles is formed in the region up to 100 lm below the contact surface. The generation of low-angle sub-boundaries associated with the rearrangement of accumulated dislocations involved in continuous recrystallization of ferrite microstructure contributes to the microstructure refinement at temperatures lower than A1 temperature (1000 K). Fine spheroidized cementite particles with uniform distribution obstruct the migration of high-angle grain boundaries, by which the dislocation density is maintained sufficiently high for the formation of sub-boundaries. The formation of a texture, corresponding to the surface texture typically formed in low-carbon steels by hot rolling without lubrication at ferritic temperatures, is observed in the ultrarefined microstructure region. The results drawn from this study strongly indicate the occurrence of ''in-situ microstructure control'' under service conditions.

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Microstructure features on rolling surfaces of railway rails subjected to heavy loading

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

A Kinetic Model for Tribological Surface Transformations Occuring on the Railroads: Irreversible Near-Surface Metallurgical Transformations

A Kinetic Model for Tribological Surface Transformations Occuring on the Railroads: Irreversible Near-Surface Metallurgical Transformations

Analysis of Structure Transformations in Rail Surface Induced by Plastic Deformation via Barkhausen Noise Emission

Ferrite and Spheroidized Cementite Ultrafine Microstructure Formation in an Fe-0.67 Pct C Steel for Railway Wheels under Simulated Service Conditions

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