Microstructure and room temperature ferromagnetism of Cu-doped ZnO films

Cu-implanted ZnO nanorods array film: An aqueous synthetic approach

“…In the case of Cu doped ZnO nanorods, non-uniform peak shifting (∆ cm -1 ) indicated the random distribution doping element in the ZnO nanorods. The E 2 high mode which is mainly involves the motion of oxygen atoms was observed at 441.26 cm -1 for pure ZnO nanorods [30]. According to literature [39,40], E 2 high mode is specially observed for wurtzite structure with very sharp features, revealed that the preferred growth direction of nanorods was oriented along the c axis and high crystalline nature of synthesized materials (well consistent with XRD results).…”

Room temperature ferromagnetism and photoluminescence of nanocrystalline Zn1 − xCoxO thin films prepared by sol–gel MOD

“…ZnO-based DMS thin films are deposited by various methods such as sol-gel [4], radio frequency magnetron sputtering [7], pulsed laser deposition [5], metal organic chemical vapour deposition [8] and sol-gel combined metallo-organic decomposition (sol-gel MOD) [9]. Among these methods, sol-gel MOD is low cost, with easy composition control best suited to achieve films of high quality and microstructural homogeneity.…”

XANES and XPS Study on Microstructure of Mn-Doped ZnO Films

“…Some studies indicate that FM might come from the precipitates (e.g., clusters and/or a secondary phase) [5][6][7]. On the other hand, some studies think that FM might originate from exchange interactions between the localized magnetic moment of the substitutional ions on Zn sites and free charge carriers generated by doping [8][9][10]. Another origin of FM might be defect-mediated coupling of spins [11][12][13].…”