Microstructure and Properties of the Copper Alloyed with Ag and Ti Powders Using Fiber Laser

Krupiński, M.; Smolarczyk, Paulina; Bonek, M.

doi:10.3390/ma13112430

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As a result of laser heat treatment within the remelting zone, grain growth was observed (Figure 5 -6). The RZ after alloying process showed directional solidification, which towards to the front of the heat dissipation [19]. After observing the microstructure changes after alloying, a hardness measurement was performed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Properties of the Aluminum Alloyed with ZrO Powder Using Fiber Laser

Smolarczyk

Krupiński

Pakieła

2021

SSP

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The scope of the work covers the development of the relationship between the chemical composition of surface-modified aluminium and its mechanical properties. This article presents the impact of laser alloying with ZrO powder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pure aluminium. In order to study the phenomena occurring during the laser alloying process, microstructural studies were carried out using optical microscopy. Additionally, the properties of the obtained alloy were tested - abrasion resistance and hardness measured at low load force. As a result of the alloying process, three distinct zones were identified: the remelting zone (RZ), the diffusion zone (DZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The surface modification resulting from laser alloying increases the hardness and abrasion resistance of the material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume of wear was decreased of 98% after laser alloying. Presumably, it happened due to precipitation of intermetallic phases [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of the Aluminum Alloyed with ZrO Powder Using Fiber Laser

Smolarczyk

Krupiński

Pakieła

2021

SSP

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“…In our case, regarding the 3-Polker coins, this concerns the Ag–Cu binary system, which is a system with total insolubility and that has an eutectic at the composition of 719 ‰ Ag and 281 ‰ Cu weight percent [ 17 , 18 ]. Metallographic microscopy is one of the most powerful tools used to investigate alloys’ microstructures [ 17 , 19 , 20 ], but it requires local grinding and polishing prior to chemical etching and it is not effective for application to small coins that have been heavily exposed. Some powerful non-destructive methods are required in our case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Depreciation in 3-Polker Coins Issued during 1619–1627 by Sigismund III Vasa King of Poland

Petean

Paltinean

Pripon³

et al. 2022

Materials

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The present research is focused on the 3-Polker coins issued during 1619–1627 by Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. A major financial crisis took place at that time due to the 30-year War, which started in 1619. There are two theories among historians concerning the silver depreciation of these coins. The most common theory (generally accepted without proof) is that the later years of issue are depreciated below 60% Ag. The second theory is based on the medieval sources that indicate inflation during the years from 1621–1625, but the medieval source only refers to the inflation of the type of coins and does not mention the issuer. Therefore, in this study, we use modern investigation techniques and materials science methods to help historians elucidate the aforementioned aspects regarding the medieval period. The XRD investigation results are in good agreement with the SEM-EDX elemental analysis. The coins from 1619 and 1620 have high silver content, namely, 86.97% and 92.49%, which corresponds to good silver. The amount of Ag found in the coins from 1621–1625 issituated in the range of 63.2–74.6%. The silver titleis suddenly restored in 1626 at about 84.3% and is kept in a good range until the end of this decree under Sigismund III in 1627. In conclusion, the second theory was partly validated by our experimental results, certifying the currency depreciation during 1621–1625, but the silver title was not lower than 54.2%. Notably, even this depreciated silver title assures a good quality of the 3-Polker coins compared to similar coins issued in other countries that were copper–silver-plated. Therefore, the 3-Polker coins were preferably hoarded at that time.Small alterations in the mint mark’s design were observed in all the depreciated coins compared to the good ones. This might be a sign for an expert to identify the depreciated coins, a fact which requires supplementary investigations. The silver title’s restoration in 1626 also came with a complete change of the mintmark.

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“…Further, the wear resistance of laser-alloyed specimens was improved. The influence of laser alloying of titanium and silver powders on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper was also investigated [ 10 ]. It was found that laser surface alloying with Ti powder increased the strength in the copper surface layer due to the formation of intermetallic phases (Cu 3 Ti 2 ), while laser alloying with Ag powder changed the mechanical properties of the surface layer by solid solution strengthening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Implementation of Laser Surface Alloying of Cu with Cr–WC

et al. 2022

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This paper presents research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an alloyed composite copper (Cu) surface layer, reinforced with a mixture of chromium–tungsten carbide (Cr–WC) powders. Copper alloying was performed using a high-power diode laser (HPDL). In the tests, three mixtures of powders with different percentage contents (75%Cr 25%WC, 50%Cr 50%WC, 25%Cr 75%WC) were injected into the melting pool during the laser surface alloying process. Microstructural evolution and the properties of the surface layer of copper after laser alloying were investigated. Structural investigations were performed using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microhardness and wear resistance of the modified surface layer were examined as well. After laser treatment the applied powders appear as uniformly distributed particles in the alloyed zone as well as nanoscale precipitates in the Cu matrix. Several types of precipitate characteristics, in terms of morphology, structure and chemical composition, were observed. Laser alloying of the surface layer modified the microstructure, which resulted in an increase in the hardness of the surface layers compared to the base material.

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Microstructure and Properties of the Copper Alloyed with Ag and Ti Powders Using Fiber Laser

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Microstructure and Properties of the Aluminum Alloyed with ZrO Powder Using Fiber Laser

Microstructure and Properties of the Aluminum Alloyed with ZrO Powder Using Fiber Laser

Silver Depreciation in 3-Polker Coins Issued during 1619–1627 by Sigismund III Vasa King of Poland

Investigation of the Implementation of Laser Surface Alloying of Cu with Cr–WC

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