Microstructure and Mineralization of Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues

Francillon‐Vieillot, H.; Buffrénil, Vivian de; Castanet, J.; Géraudie, J.; Meunier, F. J.; Sire, J. Y.; Zylberberg, L.; Ricqlès, A. de

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5740-5_20

Cited by 142 publications

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“…The shape and surface texture of Rapetosaurus osteoderms indicates that these elements were low in relief and embedded in the integument as in other vertebrates [1][2][3]14,16 . As evidenced from extant taxa, all osteoderms form and reside within the dermis, either adjacent to the interface between the strata superficiale and compactum, or exclusively within the stratum superficiale, and are overlain by the epidermis [1][2][3][14][15][16][17] . The surface texture of Rapetosaurus osteoderms is consistent with the hypothesis that, as in crown group archosaurs, these structures were overlain by epidermal scales [1][2][3] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, we propose that they might have served as a mineral reservoir. Osteoclastic remodelling of bone mineral is necessary for blood calcium homeostasis 15,[27][28][29] and increases seasonally 30 , during oogenesis 23 , and with increased age 13 in extant animals. Osteoderms are often associated with complex vascular networks, including numerous small diameter anastomozing arteries and veins within the stratum superficiale 3,14,16,22,25,26,31,32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These vascular networks facilitate thermoregulation in some crocodylians 22 and lizards 25 , and also serve as conduits for mobilized mineral reserves from the integument 23,25,26,30 . Like most other sauropods, titanosaurs like Rapetosaurus rapidly attained skeletal maturity 32 and exhibited comparatively high levels of fecundity 33 , both of which place demands on bone mineral reserves 13,15,22,23,28,29,34,35 . Moreover, Rapetosaurus inhabited a highly seasonal, semi-arid setting that was characterized by periodic, intense droughts that resulted in recurrent mass mortality 19,20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1f,h). The inner bony margin of the cavity shows resorptive lacunae consistent with osteoclastic resorption [13][14][15] and grades into heavily remodelled fibrolamellar bone (Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sauropod dinosaur osteoderms from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

et al. 2011

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osteoderms are bones embedded within the dermis, and are common to select members of most major tetrapod lineages. The largest known animals that bear osteoderms are members of Titanosauria, a diverse clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Here we report on two titanosaur osteoderms recovered from the upper Cretaceous maevarano Formation of madagascar. Each osteoderm was discovered in association with a partial skeleton representing a distinct ontogenetic stage of the titanosaur Rapetosaurus krausei. Combined, these specimens provide novel insights into the arrangement and function of titanosaur osteoderms. Taphonomic data confirm that Rapetosaurus developed only limited numbers of osteoderms in its integument. The adult-sized osteoderm is the most massive integumentary skeletal element yet discovered, with an estimated volume of 9.63 litres. uniquely, this specimen possesses an internal cavity equivalent to more than half its total volume. Large, hollow osteoderms may have functioned as mineral stores in fecund, rapidly growing titanosaurs inhabiting stressed environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1f,h). The inner bony margin of the cavity shows resorptive lacunae consistent with osteoclastic resorption [13][14][15] and grades into heavily remodelled fibrolamellar bone (Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sauropod dinosaur osteoderms from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

et al. 2011

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“…1A). The elasmoid scale, like the other elements of the dermal skeleton (including the so-called membrane bones), forms in the dermis without the presence of a cartilaginous initium (definitions in Francillon-Vieillot et al, 1990;Zylberberg et al, 1992). They are ornamented, thin, lamellar, collagenous plates located within the upper region of the dermis, close to the epidermis (Fig.…”

Section: Scale Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Scale development in fish: a review, with description of sonic hedgehog (shh) expression in the zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Sire

Akimenko²

2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

229

223

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In the first part of this paper we review current knowledge regarding fish scales, focusing on elasmoid scales, the only type found in two model species, the zebrafish and the medaka. After reviewing the structure of scales and their evolutionary origin, we describe the formation of the squamation pattern. The regularity of this process suggests a pre-patterning of the skin before scale initiation. We then summarise the dynamics of scale development on the basis of morphological observations. In the absence of molecular data, these observations support the existence of genetic cascades involved in the control of scale development. In the second part of this paper, we illustrate the potential that scale development offers as a model to study organogenesis mediated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Using the zebrafish (Danio rerio), we have combined alizarin red staining, light and transmission electron microscopy and in situ hybridisation using an anti-sense RNA probe for the sonic hedgehog (

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