Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Carbide Reinforced TiC-Based Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: A Review

Abstract

TiC ceramics have become one of the most potential ultra-high temperature structural materials, because of its high melting point, low density, and low price. However, the poor mechanical properties seriously limit its development and application. In this work, this review follows PRISMA standards, the mechanism of the second phase (particles, whiskers, and carbon nanotubes) reinforced TiC ceramics was reviewed. In addition, the effects of the second phase on the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of TiC ceramics were systematically studied. The addition of carbon black effectively eliminates the residual TiO2 in the matrix, and the bending strength of the matrix is effectively improved by the strengthening bond formed between TiC; SiC particles effectively inhibit the grain growth through pinning, the obvious crack deflection phenomenon is found in the micrograph; The smaller grain size of WC plays a dispersion strengthening role in the matrix and makes the matrix uniformly refined, and the addition of WC forms (Ti, W) C solid solution, WC has a solid solution strengthening effect on the matrix; SiC whiskers effectively improve the fracture toughness of the matrix through bridging and pulling out, the microscopic diagram and mechanism diagram of SiC whisker action process are shown in this paper. The effect of new material carbon nanotubes on the matrix is also discussed; the bridging effect of CNTs can effectively improve the strength of the matrix, during sintering, some CNTs were partially expanded into GNR, in the process of crack bridging and propagation, more fracture energy is consumed by flake GNR. Finally, the existing problems of TiC-based composites are pointed out, and the future development direction is prospected.

Erosion Behavior and Longevity Technologies of Refractory Linings in Blast Furnaces for Ironmaking: A Review

“…The alkali metal and zinc content of BF raw materials can reach 9.56 and 0.767 kg t −1 , respectively. [ 68,69 ] The ash phase of carbon brick and CCB is mainly composed of aluminum oxide and silicon carbide with small amounts of silicon dioxide and mullite. These compounds react with alkali metals and zinc vapors and cause expansion and damage of refractory materials.…”

Oxidation Protection of High-Temperature Coatings on the Surface of Mo-Based Alloys—A Review

“…As an important physical vapor deposition technology, magnetron sputtering technology is also widely used in metal surface coating [28]. In addition, the molten salt and laser cladding technologies are also mentioned [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The composition, structure and oxidation characteristics of all kinds of coatings have been given in relevant figures and tables [40].…”

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

“…On the one side, TMCs have a mixed chemical bonding composed of ionic bond, covalent bond, and metal bond, which has the advantages of high hardness, low density, high melting point, good wear resistance, and corrosion resistance 25 . Especially, the nano‐sized TMCs are found to have electrocatalytic (e.g., water splitting) 26 and electrochemical energy storage properties 27 .…”