“…19–21 There is a high demand in using computational methods to predict the material thermal processes and material deformation. 22–24 So far, there has been extensive research on LFW, in relation to studies on the welding processes, 25–29 microstructural characterization, 30–33 numerical simulation, 11,34–39 and analytical computation. 35,40–43 Figure 1.Linear friction welded integrally bladed-disk (blisk) manufactured at TWI.…”
This paper presents a fully coupled thermomechanical model for the linear friction welding process of Inconel-718 nickel-based superalloy by using the finite element method. Friction heat, plastic work, and contact formulation were taken into account for two deformable plastic bodies oscillating relative to each other under large compressive force. The modelling results of the thermal history at the weldline interface and thermal field at a distance away from the rubbing surfaces were compared to instrumented data sourced from related publications for model verification. Optimal linear friction welding process parameters were identified via comparison of weld temperature to the liquidus temperature of Inconel-718 alloy. Comparison of interface temperature showed a consistent range of values above the solidus melting temperature (1250 ℃) and below the liquidus melting temperature (1360 ℃) of Inconel-718 alloy. For the first time, a visible linear friction welding process window is identified using a thermomechanical computational modelling method. Through computational modelling, the influence of welding process parameters on the heat transfer and deformation of weld was systematically investigated.
“…19–21 There is a high demand in using computational methods to predict the material thermal processes and material deformation. 22–24 So far, there has been extensive research on LFW, in relation to studies on the welding processes, 25–29 microstructural characterization, 30–33 numerical simulation, 11,34–39 and analytical computation. 35,40–43 Figure 1.Linear friction welded integrally bladed-disk (blisk) manufactured at TWI.…”
This paper presents a fully coupled thermomechanical model for the linear friction welding process of Inconel-718 nickel-based superalloy by using the finite element method. Friction heat, plastic work, and contact formulation were taken into account for two deformable plastic bodies oscillating relative to each other under large compressive force. The modelling results of the thermal history at the weldline interface and thermal field at a distance away from the rubbing surfaces were compared to instrumented data sourced from related publications for model verification. Optimal linear friction welding process parameters were identified via comparison of weld temperature to the liquidus temperature of Inconel-718 alloy. Comparison of interface temperature showed a consistent range of values above the solidus melting temperature (1250 ℃) and below the liquidus melting temperature (1360 ℃) of Inconel-718 alloy. For the first time, a visible linear friction welding process window is identified using a thermomechanical computational modelling method. Through computational modelling, the influence of welding process parameters on the heat transfer and deformation of weld was systematically investigated.
“…As observed in other materials welded by RFW, such as molybdenum [16]. It is well established in the literature that dynamic recrystallization occurs during FW [11] [18] [19]. In addition, there is a slight difference between the welded dissimilar steels before and after heat treatment at 600˚C, because the remaining time at 600˚C is very short (60 s).…”
“…Microstructure properties of the structures produced by welding processes show the interaction between the high temperature during the process and the material properties of the structure. Friction welding, which is one of the rare welding methods that can be applied to similar materials, has become popular in recent years and many studies have been done on this subject in recent years [8,9]. Microstructures of specimens produced by friction welding are examined in detail in [10][11][12][13].…”
In recent years, with the development of welding methods, using these methods in manufacturing industry and in advanced engineering has become more popular. In this study, mechanical properties of rods obtained by friction welding and electric arc welding are compared. Hence, three specimens with different material properties are manufactured, two of which are welded by friction welding and one of which is welded by electric arc welding. These three specimens are adapted to the ASTM E8-04 standard with the help of a universal lathe. Moreover, the tensile stress values and the elasticity modulus of all these specimens are obtained as a result of tensile tests. Accordingly, the effects of the type of welding and material properties used in manufacturing on the mechanical behavior of the specimens are examined. In addition, specimens taken from the cracked surfaces of the pieces broken from the specimens as a result of the tensile test are examined with SEM (scanning electron microscopy). These examinations reveal the microstructure of the specimens. The elemental distribution data obtained as a result of examinations with SEM and the mechanical property data obtained as a result of tensile tests support each other. Furthermore, effects of a heat affected zone (HAZ) on the mechanical properties of the rod are investigated as a functionally graded material.
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