Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Al-WC Composites

Simon, Andrea; Lipusz, Dóra; Baumli, Péter; Balint, P.; Kaptay, George; Gergely, Gréta; Sfikas, Athanasios K.; Lekatou, A.; Karantzalis, A. E.; Gácsi, Zoltán

doi:10.1515/amm-2015-0164

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The microstructure of the Al-WC composite comprises the Al matrix with a new greyish phase, larger than the primary WC particle size, and non-reacted WC particles (Figure 9b). The phase formed is indicated as Al 12 W, according to stoichiometry obtained by electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis, and it is consistent with other studies [44,45]. Thus, the hardening effect in Al-WC can be caused by three occurrences: The grain size refinement, phase transformation, and the non-reacted dispersed WC particles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Related studies reported the strengthening effect of the WC in the Al matrix through other PM approaches, e.g., ball milling, it being reported that the hardness increases with the increase in both the milling time and the WC content [44];~23% increase in the hardness obtained by 15 wt. % WC, with a reverse effectiveness caused by increasing the milling time [45]; a hardness increase of 40% by 10 wt. % WC [46]; or an incremental hardness growth resulting from increasing the amount of WC with an opposite effect on tensile strength and densification [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Reinforcement Type and Dispersion on the Hardening of Sintered Pure Aluminium

Emadinia

Vieira

2018

Metals

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The homogeneity of dispersion and reinforcing of pure aluminium by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) through the application of a high speed sonication (340 Hz) assisted by ultrasonication (35 kHz) was evaluated, this method was termed “assisted sonication”. Other reinforcements (graphene, nanoalumina, and ultrafine tungsten carbide) were used for comparison with the MWCNT. The hardness measurement enabled us to evaluate the strengthening effect of the reinforcements. Raman analysis was the technique selected to evaluate the integrity of MWCNTs during dispersion. The scanning and transmission electron microscopies revealed the dispersion and microstructure of the nanoreinforcements and nanocomposites. After applying the assisted sonication, the MWCNTs were detangled without exfoliation. The integrity of MWCNTs was strongly influenced by the presence of the aluminum powder during dispersion. The application of the assisted sonication method reduced the size of the aggregates in the matrix, in comparison with the sonication technique. Ultrafine tungsten carbide, with a 1 vol. %, was the reinforcement that more effectively hardened aluminum due to a good dispersion of the reinforcement, grain refinement and the formation of Al12W phase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reinforcement Type and Dispersion on the Hardening of Sintered Pure Aluminium

Emadinia

Vieira

2018

Metals

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“…These maps confirm the formation of a new phase, consisting of Al and W, formed during sintering and dispersed in the matrix of Al. This phase is probably Al12W, according to the stoichiometry obtained by EDS analysis, which is consistent with other studies [5,13]. The C resulting from this reaction appears to be in the crystal lattice of this new phase or formed as Al4C3 at the interface which has not been detected by SEM techniques, thus further evaluations will be .…”

Section: Microstructural Characterization Of the Al-1 Vol% Wc Compositesupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterization of Sintered Aluminium Reinforced with Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Particles

Emadinia

Vieira

2020

Metals

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The strengthening effect on aluminium (Al) by ultrafine particles of tungsten carbide (WC) after compacting and sintering was evaluated. The Al-1 vol.% WC mixture was prepared through a high-speed stirring technique, called assisted sonication. In this study, the effects of compacting, sintering temperature and holding time were evaluated by composite microstructural characterization and by mechanical tests. The characterizations involved electron dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques for phase identification; electron backscattered diffraction for crystallographic analysis; backscattered electrons and secondary electrons imaging for failure and wear studies. In all composites, hardness was determined; for the hardest composite, the tensile strength, flexural strength and ball scattering wear resistance were also evaluated. The Al-1 vol.% WC composite produced by assisted sonication, densified by cold compacting at 152 MPa and sintered at 640 °C for 2 h at 5 × 10−4 Pa (high vacuum) exhibited the highest hardness, associated with an acceptable ductile behavior. This strengthening was associated with the formation of Al12W and grain refinement.

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“…Moreover, just a small amount of heavy refractory powder as a reinforcement is enough to lead to notable mechanical property improvements [12]. Fabrication of AMCs reinforced by WC micro-particles by powder metallurgy and casting methods is currently receiving a growing research attention owing to a significant improvement of mechanical properties (at the expense, however, of ductility [13]) and increase in the wear resist-ance [14,15]. (b2) Application of mechanical stirring that can support the favorable wetting characteristics of less than 90° contact angle and provide the necessary shear forces for total particle insertion [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wetting Agent and Carbide Volume Fraction on the Wear Response of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced by WC Nanoparticles and Aluminide Particles

Lekatou¹,

Gkikas²,

Karantzalis³

et al. 2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Aluminum matrix composites were prepared by adding submicron sized WC particles into a melt of Al 1050 under mechanical stirring, with the scope to determine: (a) the most appropriate salt flux amongst KBF 4 , K 2 TiF 6 , K 3 AlF 6 and Na 3 AlF 6 for optimum particle wetting and distribution and (b) the maximum carbide volume fraction (CVF) for optimum response to sliding wear. The nature of the wetting agent notably affected particle incorporation, with K 2 TiF 6 providing the greatest particle insertion. A uniform aluminide (in-situ) and WC (ex-situ) particle distribution was attained. Two different sliding wear mechanisms were identified for low CVFs (≤1.5%), and high CVFs (2.0%), depending on the extent of particle agglomeration.

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Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Al-WC Composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Reinforcement Type and Dispersion on the Hardening of Sintered Pure Aluminium

Effect of Reinforcement Type and Dispersion on the Hardening of Sintered Pure Aluminium

Characterization of Sintered Aluminium Reinforced with Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Particles

Effect of Wetting Agent and Carbide Volume Fraction on the Wear Response of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced by WC Nanoparticles and Aluminide Particles

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