Microstructure and fatigue performance of SLM-fabricated Ti6Al4V alloy after different stress-relief heat treatments

Frkáň, M.; Konečná, Radomila; Nicoletto, Gianni; Kunz, Ludvík

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.005

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…During annealing the internal residual stresses intr duced by the w rk hardening were sh wn t be relieved with ut change in strength r hardness [40]. Alth ugh n t w rk hardened, the SLM pr cess is kn wn t create internal stresses within fabricated c mp nents due t the rapid heating and c ling cycles ass ciated with the laser melting pr cess [41,42]. Acc rdingly, t investigate p st heat treatment and recrystallisati n f r SLM CuAg in situ all ys, 50% f the as built samples were annealed at 500 º C f r a 30 minute peri d and left t c l. At mic lattice structure variati ns were then investigated using X-Ray Diffracti n (XRD) and the results rep rted al ngside the resultant effects n mechanical perf rmance and p re defect distributi n.…”

Section: Annealing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of silver addition in copper-silver alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion in situ alloying

Robinson

Arjunan

Stanford³

et al. 2021

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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In this study c pper-silver (CuAg) all y structures with varying Ag c ntent were fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Laser P wder Bed Fusi n (L-PBF) Additive Manufacturing (AM). P wder m rph l gy, distributi n and elemental analysis were c nducted using Scanning Electr n Micr sc py (SEM) and dynamic imaging f r CuAg10, CuAg20 and CuAg30 at mised p wder. The resultant p re defect m rph l gy and distributi n f r each as built and annealed CuAg all y structure was investigated and rep rted using X-ray C mputed T m graphy (XCT) and 3D visualisati n. The at mic crystal structure f r each as built and annealed CuAg all y is rep rted thr ugh X-Ray Diffracti n (XRD) analysis. Yield strength, Y ung's M dulus, failure strain and Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) f as built and annealed AM CuAg structures are rep rted and sample fracture surfaces are analysed using SEM and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) techniques. Increased Ag c ntent fr m CuAg10% t CuAg30% is sh wn t decrease the number f p re defects by 87% and 83% f r as built and annealed samples with average p re size decreasing by 40% and 9.5%. H wever, the annealing pr cess was f und t increase the p r sity by up t 164%. Furtherm re, the annealing pr cess resulted in at mic lattice c ntracti ns resulting in increased yield strength, Y ungs M dulus and Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) f r CuAg30%.

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Section: Annealing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of silver addition in copper-silver alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion in situ alloying

Robinson

Arjunan

Stanford³

et al. 2021

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Stress relief heat treatment is considered to be an effective way to control residual stress [28]. Since the stress relief treatment temperature can have an effect on the microstructure of high-performance steel [8], it is necessary to optimize the appropriate heat treatment to control the residual stress and properties. The austenitizing temperature of 24CrNiMo steel is about 730 • C. In this section, the SLM formed blocks were subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures (HT: 450/500/550/600 • C + 3 h), and the residual stress was tested again after heat treatment.…”

Section: The Effect Of Stress Relief Heat Treatment On Residual Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SLM has been widely used in titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel-based alloys, and high-strength steel [7][8][9][10][11]. High-strength steel materials are susceptible to cold cracking and hot cracking during laser processing due to the addition of more alloying elements [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation into Residual Stress Control of 24CrNiMo Alloy Steel by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2023

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Residual stresses are a major problem in SLM forming of large-sized parts of high-performance materials. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of scanning strategy, preheating temperature, and heat treatment on residual stresses in SLM formed high-strength steels. An experimental method was used to investigate the residual stresses in SLM forming of high-strength steels. The peak and distribution of residual stresses can be changed by optimizing the scanning strategy. The most suitable scanning method is the strip rotation scanning strategy. The optimum substrate preheating temperature is 200 °C, and the residual stress of SLM forming can be significantly reduced by 62.5%. The annealing temperature has a clear effect on the residual stress release, and also has an impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties. After annealing treatment at 550 °C for 3 h, the residual stresses can be effectively released, while the uniformity of microstructure and mechanical properties is improved. Finally, the control strategy of residual stress, microstructure and mechanical properties of 24CrNiMo high-strength steel was obtained.

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“…The roughness of the cyclically loaded surface of the products, which cannot be reduced by finishing due to the complexity of the manufactured product, is the most important factor for fatigue life. The influence of the orientation of the samples for fatigue tests with respect to the building direction was investigated and reported in papers [36,37]. These studies have demonstrated and quantified the effect of orientation on fatigue life.…”

Section: Fatigue Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Build Orientation on Surface Roughness and Fatigue Life of the Al2024-RAM2 Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Konecna,

Varmus,

Nicoletto

et al. 2023

Metals

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Additive manufacturing of high strength Al alloys brings problems with hot cracking during rapid solidification. One of the ways to solve this challenge is technology developed by the Elementum 3D company. The way consists of inoculation by ceramic nanoparticles using RAM technology. When applying the L-PBF method, a very fine equiaxed microstructure with exceptional properties and without cracks is created. This paper offers the results and discussion of the microstructure, surface roughness and fatigue life of the high-strength Al2024-RAM2 alloy made from a gas atomized powder with an additive of 2 wt.% ceramic nanoparticles on the base of Ti. The specimens for fatigue tests were produced in different orientations relative to the building platform and left in the as-built conditions with different surface quality (roughness). The specimens were T6 heat-treated. The treatment caused a coarsening of a part of the fine grains. After T6 heat treatment, the hardness increased significantly, which occurred by precipitation hardening. Fatigue tests of specimens with different build orientation were performed in plane bending and the experimentally determined fatigue life was discussed in terms of surface roughness and material microstructure.

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Microstructure and fatigue performance of SLM-fabricated Ti6Al4V alloy after different stress-relief heat treatments

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of silver addition in copper-silver alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion in situ alloying

Effect of silver addition in copper-silver alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion in situ alloying

An Experimental Investigation into Residual Stress Control of 24CrNiMo Alloy Steel by Selective Laser Melting

Influence of Build Orientation on Surface Roughness and Fatigue Life of the Al2024-RAM2 Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

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