Microstructural White Matter Tissue Characteristics Are Modulated by Homocysteine: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Hsu, Jung-Lung; Chen, Wei‐Hung; Bai, Chyi‐Huey; Leu, Jyu-Gang; Hsu, Chien-Yeh; Viergever, Max A.; Leemans, Alexander

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116330

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Higher HcY concentrations have also been correlated with an elevated rate of WM atrophy, as well as an increased frequency and severity of WMH and silent brain infarcts (129,140,(142)(143)(144)(145)(146)(147)(148) . Several other studies using DTI have also observed elevated HcY predicting poorer cerebral microstructure (149,150) .…”

Section: B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Examining the relationship between nutrition and cerebral structural integrity in older adults without dementia

et al. 2018

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The proportion of adults aged 60 years and over is expected to increase over the coming decades. This ageing of the population represents an important health issue, given that marked reductions to cerebral macro- and microstructural integrity are apparent with increasing age. Reduced cerebral structural integrity in older adults appears to predict poorer cognitive performance, even in the absence of clinical disorders such as dementia. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to identify those factors predicting cerebral structural integrity, especially factors that are modifiable. One such factor is nutritional intake. While the literature is limited, data from available cross-sectional studies indicate that increased intake of nutrients such as B vitamins (for example, B6, B12 and folate), choline, n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, or increased adherence to prudent whole diets (for example, the Mediterranean diet) predicts greater cerebral structural integrity in older adults. There is even greater scarcity of randomised clinical trials investigating the effects of nutritional supplementation on cerebral structure, though it appears that supplementation with B vitamins (B6, B12 and folic acid) or n-3 fatty acids (DHA or EPA) may be beneficial. The current review presents an overview of available research examining the relationship between key nutrients or adherence to select diets and cerebral structural integrity in dementia-free older adults.

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Section: B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Examining the relationship between nutrition and cerebral structural integrity in older adults without dementia

et al. 2018

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“…Similar to NKG2DLs, DNAM-1 ligands (DNAM-1Ls) are often induced by cellular stresses and can trigger cytotoxicity and cytokine release (Shibuya et al, 1996;Bottino et al, 2003;Iguchi-Manaka et al, 2008). For this reason, DNAM-1Ls are also targeted by HCMV, with UL141 downregulating both of them, alone or in combination with US2 through different mechanisms (Tomasec et al, 2005;Prod'homme et al, 2007;Hsu et al, 2015). Of note, UL141 is also able to downregulate the TRAIL receptors R1 and R2, thus preventing TRAIL-dependent NK-cell killing (Nemčovičová et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2013).…”

Section: Nk Cells and Hcmv: A Balance Of Opposing Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Orchestra: HCMV vs. Innate Immunity

et al. 2020

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Understanding how the innate immune system keeps human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in check has recently become a critical issue in light of the global clinical burden of HCMV infection in newborns and immunodeficient patients. Innate immunity constitutes the first line of host defense against HCMV as it involves a complex array of cooperating effectors -e.g., inflammatory cytokines, type I interferon (IFN-I), natural killer (NK) cells, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and phagocytes -all capable of disrupting HCMV replication. These factors are known to trigger a highly efficient adaptive immune response, where cellular restriction factors (RFs) play a major gatekeeping role. Unlike other innate immunity components, RFs are constitutively expressed in many cell types, ready to act before pathogen exposure. Nonetheless, the existence of a positive regulatory feedback loop between RFs and IFNs is clear evidence of an intimate cooperation between intrinsic and innate immunity. In the course of virushost coevolution, HCMV has, however, learned how to manipulate the functions of multiple cellular players of the host innate immune response to achieve latency and persistence. Thus, HCMV acts like an orchestra conductor able to piece together and rearrange parts of a musical score (i.e., innate immunity) to obtain the best live performance (i.e., viral fitness). It is therefore unquestionable that innovative therapeutic solutions able to prevent HCMV immune evasion in congenitally infected infants and immunocompromised individuals are urgently needed. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the mechanisms regulating the interplay between HCMV and innate immunity, focusing on the various strategies of immune escape evolved by this virus to gain a fitness advantage.

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“…HcY is a sulfur containing amino acid derived from s-adenosylhomocysteine, a by-product of methyl reactions involving s- adenosylmethionine (Selhub et al, 2000 ). A number of studies with older adults have determined that elevated HcY is a significant predictor of reduced total and regional cerebral tissue volumes (Williams et al, 2002 ; den Heijer et al, 2003b ; Firbank et al, 2010 ; Narayan et al, 2011a ; Rajagopalan et al, 2011 ; Tangney et al, 2011 ; Feng et al, 2013 ; Madsen et al, 2015 ), increased frequency and volume of white matter lesions or silent brain infarcts (Vermeer et al, 2002 ; Wright et al, 2005 ; Seshadri et al, 2008 ; Raz et al, 2012 ), as well as reduced cerebral microstructural integrity (Bettcher et al, 2014 ; Hsu et al, 2015 ). Given the link between measures of cerebral macro- and microstructural integrity and cognitive functioning, it follows that HcY may also be an important predictor of cognitive function.…”

Section: Gpl Supplementation As a Means Of Supporting Cerebral Structmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One factor believed to influence cerebral structural integrity with age is nutritional intake (Scholey, 2018 ). Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal work has indicated that greater ingestion and bioavailability of B vitamins such as B 6 , B 12 , and folate (Erickson et al, 2008 ; Vogiatzoglou et al, 2008 ; Tangney et al, 2011 ; Hsu et al, 2015 ; Hooshmand et al, 2016 ; Köbe et al, 2016 ) or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFA; Samieri et al, 2012 ; Tan et al, 2012 ; Titova et al, 2013 ; Pottala et al, 2014 ; Gu et al, 2016 ) predicts greater cerebral macro- and micro-structural integrity in older adults. Moreover, data from available clinical trials indicates that chronic supplementation with these nutrients, but also others such as resveratrol, may either enhance cerebral structural integrity, or improve the trajectory of cerebral decline over time (Smith et al, 2010 ; Douaud et al, 2013 ; Witte et al, 2013 ; Jerneren et al, 2015 ; Köbe et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerophospholipid Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Supporting Cerebral Structure in Older Adults

Reddan

White

Macpherson

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Modifying nutritional intake through supplementation may be efficacious for altering the trajectory of cerebral structural decline evident with increasing age. To date, there have been a number of clinical trials in older adults whereby chronic supplementation with B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, or resveratrol, has been observed to either slow the rate of decline or repair cerebral tissue. There is also some evidence from animal studies indicating that supplementation with glycerophospholipids (GPL) may benefit cerebral structure, though these effects have not yet been investigated in adult humans. Despite this paucity of research, there are a number of factors predicting poorer cerebral structure in older humans, which GPL supplementation appears to beneficially modify or protect against. These include elevated concentrations of homocysteine, unbalanced activity of reactive oxygen species both increasing the risk of oxidative stress, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory messengers, as well as poorer cardio- and cerebrovascular function. As such, it is hypothesized that GPL supplementation will support cerebral structure in older adults. These cerebral effects may influence cognitive function. The current review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials investigating the effects of GPL supplementation on cerebral structural integrity in older adults.

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Microstructural White Matter Tissue Characteristics Are Modulated by Homocysteine: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 56 publications

Examining the relationship between nutrition and cerebral structural integrity in older adults without dementia

Examining the relationship between nutrition and cerebral structural integrity in older adults without dementia

Tuning the Orchestra: HCMV vs. Innate Immunity

Glycerophospholipid Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Supporting Cerebral Structure in Older Adults

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