Microstructural evolution of laser clad Stellite 31 powder on Inconel 713 LC superalloy

A Review on Macroscopic and Microstructural Features of Metallic Coating Created by Pulsed Laser Material Deposition

“…For example, the research reported by H. Zhang et al showed the significant refined microstructure in Fe-based coating on low carbon steel though using the PW laser that concluded by the CW and PW laser deposition’s average grain size of 11.68 μm and 6.86 μm, respectively as shown in Figure 5 b [ 25 ]. Decreasing the heat input though reducing laser frequency could prompt the transformation of from columnar grains to the equiaxed grains with smaller size as shown in the Stellite 31 coating on the Inconel 713 substrate as shown in Figure 5 c [ 37 ]. For the Ti-based coating, K. Xiang et al fabricated the CoNiTi medium-entropy alloy depositions on the pure Ti substrate and obtained the good metallurgical bonding between the depositions and substrate using the pulsed LMD.…”

“…A. Khorram investigated the effect of parameters of PW laser on the Stellite 31 coating by LMD in which the Inconel 713 was chosen as the substrate. Based on the experimental results, they pointed out that the hardness increased almost linearly with the decrease of dilution ration which was determined by the reduction of pulse width and laser frequency [ 37 , 73 ]. X. Wang et al investigated the effect of different pulsed laser shape, including continuous, rectangular, ramp up, ramp down, and hybrid ramp, on the hardness of AISI316L deposition.…”

“…During the pulse frequency of 16 Hz and pulse width of 13 ms were set in the deposition process, the hardness Stellite 31 coating with the value of 482 ± 10 HV, which is markedly higher than the hardness of Inconel 713 substrate with the value of 355 ± 3 HV, was presented. The improvement of hardness in the deposition contributed to the creation of Co solid solution phase and Cr 7 C 3 , Cr 3 C 2 , W 2 C, and WC x carbides [ 37 ]. During the pulse frequency was 60 Hz, H.Yan et al deposited Co-based coating on the copper alloy substrate.…”

“…[ 25 ], copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier); ( c ) OM images of the intermixing zone of Inconel 713 deposition with a laser frequency of 12 Hz and 20 Hz (Reprinted from ref. [ 37 ], copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier).…”

Surface modification of IN713 LC superalloy with Metco 204NS by laser surface alloying

“…Among the various superalloys of nickel-base, iron-base and cobalt-base, nickel-based superalloy IN713 Low Carbon (LC) * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. is recommended as the main material of constant and moving blades of gas turbines due to its high volume fraction of γ ′ phase (about 70%) [2]. Since gas turbine blades operate in very complex conditions of temperature and stress in the presence of corrosive and oxidizing products, their use without coating is not recommended at all [3].…”