Microstructural characterization in plates using guided wave third harmonic generation

Liu, Yang; Lissenden, Cliff J.; Rose, Joseph L.

doi:10.1063/1.4864880

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Recently, the third harmonic shear horizontal (3rd SH) waves were shown to offer appealing features for damage detection in plates. [12][13][14] Due to their distinct features, SH waves are internally resonant with their third harmonic counterparts at all frequencies, 14 which offers enormous flexibility for the selection of the excitation frequency in the design of inspection systems. Second, as claimed by Liu et al, 14 the 3rd SH waves seem to exhibit a higher sensitivity to plastic (fatigue) deformation than the commonly used 2nd Lamb waves, thus pointing at the possibility of shifting the detection limit to the earlier stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third harmonic shear horizontal waves for material degradation monitoring

Wen

Shan

2020

Structural Health Monitoring

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Early detection of incipient damage in structures through material degradation monitoring is a challenging and important topic. Nonlinear guided waves, through their interaction with material micro-defects, allow possible detection of structural damage at its early stage of initiations. This issue is investigated using both the second harmonic Lamb waves and the third harmonic shear horizontal waves in this article. A brief analysis first highlights the selection of the primary–secondary S0 Lamb wave mode pair and primary–tertiary SH0 mode pair from the perspective of cumulative high-order harmonic wave generation. Through a tactic design, an experiment is then conducted to compare the sensitivity of the third harmonic shear horizontal waves and the second harmonic Lamb waves to microstructural changes on the same plate subjected to a dedicated thermal heating treatment. The third harmonic shear horizontal waves are finally applied to monitor the microstructural changes and material degradation in a plate subjected to a thermal aging sequence, cross-checked by Vickers hardness tests. The experiment results demonstrate that the third harmonic shear horizontal waves indeed exhibit higher sensitivity to microstructural changes than the commonly used second harmonic Lamb waves. In addition, results demonstrate that the designed third harmonic shear horizontal wave–based system entails effective characterization of thermal aging–induced microstructural changes in metallic plates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third harmonic shear horizontal waves for material degradation monitoring

Wen

Shan

2020

Structural Health Monitoring

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“…Recently, Liu et al studied the generation and propagation characteristics of the third harmonic SH waves (3rd SH waves), pointing at new possibilities for damage detection applications [12][13][14]. In contrast to the 2nd Lamb waves, the 3rd SH waves are shown to be holo-internal-resonant with the primary SH waves (1st SH waves) at all frequencies so that their amplitudes will always be cumulative [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exploration of the topic is technically challenging, hampered by the obvious deficiencies in the existing tools, either numerical or experimental. For example, in the numerical perspective, the fourth order elastic constants (FOECs) are usually neglected which might be crucial for the 3rd SH wave generation [14,16]. In the experimental perspective, the influence of various nonlinear components in a system may easily overwhelm the small amplitude of the 3rd SH waves induced by the material nonlinearity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed third harmonic shear horizontal wave generation: interaction between primary shear horizontal wave and second harmonic Lamb wave

Shan

2019

Smart Mater. Struct.

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The third harmonic shear horizontal (SH) waves in a weakly nonlinear plate provide new possibilities for incipient damage detections. The understanding of their generation mechanism, however, is limited to the intuitive process of cubic self-interaction of the primary SH waves. By considering both the third order and fourth order elastic constants, this paper reports the discovery of a new generation mechanism, referred to as mixed generation, which results from the mutual interaction between the primary SH waves and their induced second harmonic Lamb waves. Compared with linearly cumulative third harmonic SH waves induced by the cubic self-interaction of the primary SH waves, the mixed third harmonic SH wave amplitude also increases with the wave propagating distance but in a wavering manner according to the phase velocity matching condition. Upon establishing a complex-domain superposition method which allows a precise extraction of the third harmonic responses, the significance and the propagating characteristics of the mixed third harmonic SH waves are numerically investigated through finite element simulations. Experiments are then conducted with a dedicated subtraction scheme to highlight the material nonlinearity of interest. A gel test is designed and carried out to identify the two types of third harmonic SH wave components from the measured time-domain signals. Both numerical and experimental results confirm the existence and the significance of the mixed third harmonic SH generation mechanism, which may impact on further applications, especially underwater damage inspections.

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“…In the past decade, several studies have investigated the use of nonlinear guided waves to potentially detect and quantify microstructural changes prior to microcrack initiation, whereas conventional linear methods are only sensitive to macroscale damage such as fatigue cracks [1][2][3][4][5]. While most previous studies have considered higher-harmonic generation in bulk and Rayleigh waves [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], more recently, studies have focused on using nonlinear Lamb waves due to their highly advantageous properties of long propagation with minimal attenuation, which makes them suitable for wide-area inspection in structural health monitoring [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, difficulties can arise because Lamb waves are generally dispersive, and multiple modes are excited at higher frequency-thickness, thereby presenting a technical challenge to distinguish each individual mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies on second-harmonic generation have been experimentally and computationally validated for inspecting microstructural damage, dislocations and persistent slips bands, as a function of plastic strain, fatigue life/cycle and propagating distance in metallic materials [8,[14][15][16][17][20][21][22][23][31][32][33]. More recent studies have investigated second-harmonic generations in composite structures [34][35][36] and cumulative third-and higher-order harmonics [6,7,37]. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews by Matlack et al [38] and Chillara and Lissenden [39] have summarized previous decades of work on the theoretical, experimental, and computational studies on nonlinear cumulative higher-order waves for nondestructive evaluation (NDE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Second-Harmonic Lamb Wave Generation in Additively Manufactured Aluminum

Vien

Chiu

Rose

2018

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems

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The correlation between the nonlinear acousto-ultrasonic response and the progressive accumulation of fatigue damage is investigated for an additively manufactured aluminum alloy AlSi7Mg and compared with the behavior of a conventional wrought aluminum alloy 6060-T5. A dual transducer and wedge setup is employed to excite a 30-cycle Hann-windowed tone burst at a center frequency of 500 kHz in plate-like specimens that are 7.2 mm thick. This choice of frequency-thickness is designed to excite the symmetric Lamb mode s1, which, in turn, generates a second-harmonic s2 mode in the presence of distributed material nonlinearity. This s1-s2 mode pair satisfies the conditions for internal resonance, thereby leading to a cumulative build-up of amplitude for the second-harmonic s2 mode with increasing propagation distance. Measurements of a nonlinearity parameter β derived from the second-harmonic amplitude are plotted against propagation distance at various fractions of fatigue life under constant amplitude loading, for three different stress levels corresponding to low-cycle fatigue (LCF), high-cycle fatigue (HCF), and an intermediate case. The results show both qualitative and quantitative differences between LCF and HCF, and between the additively manufactured specimens and the wrought alloy. The potential use of this nonlinearity parameter for monitoring the early stages of fatigue damage accumulation, and hence for predicting the residual fatigue life, is discussed, as well as the potential for quality control of the additive manufacturing (AM) process.

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Microstructural characterization in plates using guided wave third harmonic generation

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inEffect of localized microstructural evolution on higher harmonic generation of guided wave modes AIP Conf.

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Third harmonic shear horizontal waves for material degradation monitoring

Third harmonic shear horizontal waves for material degradation monitoring

Mixed third harmonic shear horizontal wave generation: interaction between primary shear horizontal wave and second harmonic Lamb wave

Experimental Investigation of Second-Harmonic Lamb Wave Generation in Additively Manufactured Aluminum

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