“…Some of the starches had more amorphous extracellular material after cooking, or endocorrosion and breakages occurred in the starch granules after fermentation (Sotomayor et al, 1999). However, the integral starch granule structure was still maintained, and the protein matrix adhering to the starch granules was still visible, although alterations to the protein structure were found (Blaszczak, Doblado, Frias, Vidal-Valverde, Sadowska, & Fornal, 2007). Gelatinization and cross-linking is more likely to occur in flours than in whole seeds during thermal treatment as the proteins and starches are all exposed and are intimately mixed.…”
Section: Microstructural Properties Of the Floursmentioning
“…Some of the starches had more amorphous extracellular material after cooking, or endocorrosion and breakages occurred in the starch granules after fermentation (Sotomayor et al, 1999). However, the integral starch granule structure was still maintained, and the protein matrix adhering to the starch granules was still visible, although alterations to the protein structure were found (Blaszczak, Doblado, Frias, Vidal-Valverde, Sadowska, & Fornal, 2007). Gelatinization and cross-linking is more likely to occur in flours than in whole seeds during thermal treatment as the proteins and starches are all exposed and are intimately mixed.…”
Section: Microstructural Properties Of the Floursmentioning
“…High-pressure-induced damages to cellular structure were also elucidated in a separate study on the relative drying rate (RDR) of Japanese radish samples before and after HHP pretreatment; the RDR was found to be similar to that after chloroform vapor treatment but lower than that in the case of heat treatment and freeze-thaw pretreatment [ 7 ]. HHP on legumes such as green bean [ 8 , 9 ] chickpea [ 10 ], cowpea [ 11 ], and soybean [ 12 , 13 ] had been reported from the viewpoints of structural, physical or biochemical changes. However, in another study, Eshtiaghi et al .…”
The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on dried soybean, adzuki bean, and kintoki kidney bean, which are low-moisture-content cellular biological materials, was investigated from the viewpoint of water absorption. The samples were vacuum-packed with distilled water and pressurized at 200 MPa and 25 °C for 10 min. After the HHP treatment, time courses of the moisture contents of the samples were measured, and the dimensionless moisture contents were estimated. Water absorption in the case of soybean could be fitted well by a simple water diffusion model. High pressures were found to have negligible effects on water absorption into the cotyledon of soybean and kintoki kidney bean. A non-linear least square method based on the Weibull equation was applied for the adzuki beans, and the effective water diffusion coefficient was found to increase significantly from 8.6 × 10−13 to 6.7 × 10−10 m2/s after HHP treatment. Approximately 30% of the testa of the adzuki bean was damaged upon HHP treatment, which was comparable to the surface area of the testa in the partially peeled adzuki bean sample. Thus, HHP was confirmed to promote mass transfer to the cotyledon of legumes with a tight testa.
“…Promoting seed germination is the most direct way to improve soybean production2. Methods for promoting seed germination are physical methods (magnetic treatment, sunlight, ultraviolet light and hot water soaking) and chemical methods (chemicals, fungicides and hormones)3456. Although these methods can promote germination to a certain extent, they are time consuming, labor-intensive and produce chemical residues.…”
Effects of cold plasma treatment on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr cv. Zhongdou 40) seed germination and seedling growth were studied. Seeds were pre-treated with 0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 W of cold plasma for 15 s. Results showed that plasma treatments had positive effects on seed germination and seedling growth, and treatment of 80 W had the highest stimulatory effect. Germination and vigor indices significantly increased by 14.66% and 63.33%, respectively. Seed's water uptake improved by 14.03%, and apparent contact angle decreased by 26.19%. Characteristics of seedling growth, including shoot length, shoot dry weight, root length and root dry weight, significantly increased by 13.77%, 21.95%, 21.42% and 27.51%, respectively, compared with control. The seed reserve utilization, including weight of the mobilized seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage and seed reserve utilization efficiency significantly improved by cold plasma treatment. In addition, soluble sugar and protein contents were 16.51% and 25.08% higher than those of the control. Compared to a 21.95% increase in shoot weight, the root weight increased by 27.51% after treatment, indicating that plasma treatment had a greater stimulatory effect on plant roots. These results indicated that cold plasma treatment might promote the growth even yield of soybean.
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