Microstructural Analysis of Austempered Ductile Iron Castings

Çetin, Barış; Meco, H.; Davut, Kemal; Arslan, Ebru; Uzun, Mustafa Can

doi:10.17350/hjse19030000029

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These advantages make ADI attractive for industrial applications. For the automotive industry, ADI has an important task as a structural material that should have a good wear resistance and tensile strength, in such applications as camshafts [11,12]. Some forged steel components have been replaced by austempered ductile iron (ADI), mainly in automotive applications as camshafts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

García

Ramírez

Castellanos

et al. 2021

Metals

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Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

García

Ramírez

Castellanos

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…Particularly, simultaneous results in both high strength and durability play important roles in the defense industry where the service conditions are severely compelling. Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is a specific type of spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGCI) grade with attractive mechanical properties such as higher tensile, fatigue strength, toughness and relatively good ductility which make it superior to the other grades of ductile irons [1][2][3]. Furthermore, ADI has a higher specific strength value due to its lower density compared to steel [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Auto-Focus and Auto-Threshold Algorithms in Advanced Nodularity Analysis of Austempered Ductile Iron Castings

et al. 2019

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Austempered ductile iron castings have a wide range of application fields including defense and heavy-duty industries due to their promising mechanical properties. Austempered ductile iron castings could provide excellent combination of high strength, toughness, and wear resistance at the same time. Unlike other spheroidal ductile cast irons, austempered ductile iron castings need to be processed by a special austempering heat treatment which enables the verification of the conformity of the nodularity level after the casting operations. Previous studies have shown that wide area mappings for determining nodularity are crucial to eliminate the representativeness problems. In this sense, some precautions should be taken for the accuracy of results in large scale nodularity examination. In this study, the effect of auto-thresholding and auto-focusing algorithms on the advanced nodularity analysis is investigated. The results suggest that auto-thresholding and auto-focusing methods have significant contributions for determining average nodularity levels and average graphite sizes.

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“…ADI is commonly used as structural material that should have a good wear resistance and tensile strength, in such applications as camshafts, which have an important task in engine and automotive industry. These advantages make ADI attractive in industrial applications [3,4]. In ADI, ausferrite (austenite + ferrite) matrix structure is formed during austempering process, which differs from bainitic structure being formed in steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Austempering and Induction Hardening on the Wear Properties of Camshaft Made of Ductile Cast Iron

Karaca

Şi̇mşi̇r

2017

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of heat austempering and induction hardening on the wear properties of GGG60 ductile cast iron for camshaft production. For this purpose, camshafts have been produced by sand mould casting method. Fe-Si-Mg alloy has been used for inoculation process to achieve iron nodulization. The casting has been done between 1410-1420• C. The casted camshafts have been austenitized at two different temperatures (800 and 900• C) and time intervals (60 and 90 min) under controlled furnace atmosphere. The austenitized camshafts have been quenched into the molten salt bath at 360• C, held there for 90 min and then cooled in air. This way, austempering heat treatment has been applied. After that, surface hardening process was conducted using induction hardening machine with medium frequency. Microstructure of camshafts has been examined by optical methods and mechanical tests have been performed. Results show that austempering heat treatment increases the wear resistance of camshaft, compared to as-cast condition. Wear resistance of the camshaft increases with increasing austenitizing temperature, time and with induction hardening. The lowest weight loss of 0.62 mg has been obtained for the induction hardened camshaft austenitized at 900• C for 90 min.

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Microstructural Analysis of Austempered Ductile Iron Castings

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Investigating the Effect of Auto-Focus and Auto-Threshold Algorithms in Advanced Nodularity Analysis of Austempered Ductile Iron Castings

The Effects of Austempering and Induction Hardening on the Wear Properties of Camshaft Made of Ductile Cast Iron

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