Heat Treatment Evaluation for the Camshafts Production of ADI Low Alloyed with Vanadium

Abstract

Ductile iron camshafts low alloyed with 0.2 and 0.3 wt % vanadium were produced by one of the largest manufacturers of the ductile iron camshafts in México “ARBOMEX S.A de C.V” by a phenolic urethane no-bake sand mold casting method. During functioning, camshafts are subject to bending and torsional stresses, and the lobe surfaces are highly loaded. Thus, high toughness and wear resistance are essential for this component. In this work, two austempering ductile iron heat treatments were evaluated to increase the mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness of the ductile iron camshaft low alloyed with vanadium. The austempering process was held at 265 and 305 °C and austempering times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The volume fraction of high-carbon austenite was determined for the heat treatment conditions by XRD measurements. The ausferritic matrix was determined in 90 min for both austempering temperatures, having a good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased. The mechanical properties of tensile strength, hardness, and toughness were evaluated from samples obtained from the camshaft and the standard Keel block. The highest mechanical properties were obtained for the austempering heat treatment of 265 °C for 90 min for the ADI containing 0.3 wt % V. The tensile and yield strength were 1200 and 1051 MPa, respectively, while the hardness and the energy impact values were of 47 HRC and 26 J; these values are in the range expected for an ADI grade 3.

Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons

“…In other words, the higher the temperature, the lower the hardness and vice versa, and the longer the treatment time, the lower the hardness and vice versa. This behavior has also been documented by other authors [60][61][62], and these materials exhibited excellent wear resistance and tensile strength properties for their possible application as high-performance components.…”

The Influence of Heatmap Correlation-based Feature Selection on Predictive Modeling of Low Alloy Steel Mechanical Properties Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Algorithm

“…This result is consistent with previous studies , which also found that V is the most influential element on the mechanical properties of low alloy steel. In addition, studies by Goritskii et al (2016) and García et al (2021) also showed that higher V concentrations can increase the tensile strength and hardness of low alloy steel. Higher concentrations of Ni (Nickel) and Mn (Manganese) can also increase the tensile Leni D, Sumiati R, Adriansyah, Angelia N, Nofriyanti E, 2023, The Influence of Heatmap Correlation-based Feature Selection on Predictive Modeling of Low Alloy Steel Mechanical Properties Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Algorithm, Journal of Energy, Material, and Instrumentation Technology Vol.…”

Efecto de la temperatura de austemperizado en CADIs aleados con cromo

“…El proceso se realizó para las temperaturas de austemperizado de 265 y 305 °C, de acuerdo con el ciclo térmico mostrado en la Figura 2. Los parámetros de temperatura de austemperizado y mezcla de sales han sido previamente reportados para composiciones similares en ADIs aleados con vanadio (Colin et al, 2021). En adición, la mezcla de sales fue obtenida en base al diagrama KNO3 y NaNO3, mientras que las temperaturas de 265 y 305 °C para obtener ausferrita fina con diferentes cantidades de austenita de alto carbono.…”