Microsporidiosis

Weiss, Louis M.; Schwartz, David A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00102-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Moreover, this group includes 17 species causing human disease; the most common belong to the genera Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon (Fayer & Santin‐Duran, 2014; Franzen & Müller, 2001; Stentiford et al., 2016). In immunosuppressed hosts, including humans, Microsporidia can infect any organ system; the most widely reported infections concern encephalitis, myositis, ocular infection and sinusitis (Sharma, Balne, & Das, 2014; Wang et al., 2018; Weiss, 2014; Weiss & Schwartz, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method of metabarcoding Microsporidia and their hosts reveals high levels of microsporidian infections in mosquitoes (Culicidae)

Trzebny

Słodkowicz-Kowalska

Becnel

et al. 2020

Molecular Ecology Resources

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DNA metabarcoding offers new perspectives, especially with regard to the highthroughput identification and diagnostics of pathogens. Microsporidia are an example of widely distributed, opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms in which molecular identification is important for both environmental research and clinical diagnostics. We have developed a method for parallel detection of both microsporidian infection and the host species. We designed new primer sets: one specific for the classical Microsporidia (targeting the hypervariable V5 region of small subunit [ssu] rDNA), and a second one targeting a shortened fragment of the COI gene (standard metazoan DNA-barcode); both markers are well suited for next generation sequencing. Analysis of the ssu rDNA data set representing 607 microsporidian species (120 genera) indicated that the V5 region enables identification of >98% species in the data set (596/607). To test the method, we used microsporidians that infect mosquitoes in natural populations. Using mini-COI data, all field-collected mosquitoes were unambiguously assigned to seven species; among them almost 60% of specimens were positive for at least 11 different microsporidian species, including a new microsporidian ssu rDNA sequence (Microsporidium sp. PL01). Phylogenetic analysis showed that this species belongs to one of the two main clades in the Terresporidia. We found a high rate of microsporidian co-infections (9.4%). The numbers of sequence reads for the operational taxonomic units suggest that the occurrence of Nosema spp. in co-infections could benefit them; however, this observation should be retested using a more intensive host sampling. Our results show that DNA barcoding is a rapid and cost-effective method for deciphering sample diversity in greater resolution, including the hidden biodiversity that may be overlooked using classical methodology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method of metabarcoding Microsporidia and their hosts reveals high levels of microsporidian infections in mosquitoes (Culicidae)

Trzebny

Słodkowicz-Kowalska

Becnel

et al. 2020

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…Microsporidia are single-celled, obligate intracellular parasites. More than 20 genera of microsporidium are pathogenic in mammals, but Encephalitozoon species affect immunosuppressed populations more commonly than other species [ 1 , 56 ]. Trachipleistophora anthropophthera may also cause encephalitis.…”

Section: Microsporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are seen in clusters as haematoxyphilic nuclear dots within refractive clear cytoplasm, often Gram- and Ziehl-Neelsen-positive. Electron microscopy is more successful than light microscopy to identify the organisms [ 56 ]; molecular diagnosis with PCR of tissue biopsy samples is highly sensitive but is not widely available. During CNS infection, spores are often present in peripheral blood.…”

Section: Microsporidiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Morphological Approach to the Diagnosis of Protozoal Infections of the Central Nervous System

Chimelli

2011

Pathology Research International

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Protozoal infections, though endemic to certain regions, can be seen all around the world, because of the increase in travel and migration. In addition, immunosuppression associated with various conditions, particularly with HIV infection, favors the occurrence of more severe manifestations and failure to respond to treatments. The CNS may be the only affected system; when not, it is often the most severely affected. Despite information obtained from clinical, laboratory, and imaging procedures that help to narrow the differential diagnosis of intracranial infections, there are cases that need confirmation with biopsy or autopsy. Predominant presentations are meningoencephalitis (trypanosomiasis), encephalopathy (cerebral malaria), or as single or multiple pseudotumoral enhancing lesions (toxoplasmosis, reactivated Chagas' disease). The immune reconstitution disease, resulting from enhancement of pathogen-specific immune responses after HAART, has altered the typical presentation of toxoplasmosis and microsporidiosis. In this paper, a morphological approach for the diagnosis of protozoal infections affecting the CNS (amoebiasis, cerebral malaria, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, and microsporidiosis) is presented.

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“…During infection, patients are at a risk of developing prostatitis, pneumonitis, nephritis, keratoconjunctivitis, sinusitis, urethritis, or cystitis. Microsporidians may also cause life-threatening chronic diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients [ 2 ]. The most common microsporidian infecting humans is Enterocytozoon bieneusi , followed by three Encephalitozoon species, including E. hellem [ 3 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes (Culicidae) as a vector of Encephalitozoon hellem (Microsporidia)

Trzebny,

Nahimova,

Volkova

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Microsporidiosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 188 publications

A new method of metabarcoding Microsporidia and their hosts reveals high levels of microsporidian infections in mosquitoes (Culicidae)

A new method of metabarcoding Microsporidia and their hosts reveals high levels of microsporidian infections in mosquitoes (Culicidae)

A Morphological Approach to the Diagnosis of Protozoal Infections of the Central Nervous System

Mosquitoes (Culicidae) as a vector of Encephalitozoon hellem (Microsporidia)

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