Microspheres as a Carrier System for Therapeutic Embolization Procedures: Achievements and Advances

Welling, Mick M.; Duszenko, Nikolas; Meerbeek, Maarten P. van; Molenaar, Tom J.M.; Buckle, Tessa; Leeuwen, F.W.B. van; Rietbergen, Daphne D. D.

doi:10.3390/jcm12030918

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…RLMBs have the potential to be highly effective in cancer therapy applications, even without immediate vascular uncaging. For instance, in chemoembolization therapy [46,47], RLMBs could accumulate in tumor arteries, providing a means by which to control drug release while also reducing the tumor's blood supply. Other methods of directing the deposition of RLMBs could involve sonopermeation, which enhances the extravasation of circulating particles, or molecular targeting of to tumor vasculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Loading: The Missing Piece for Achieving High Drug Payload and Rapid Release in Polymeric Microbubbles

Rastegar,

Salman,

Sirsi

2023

Pharmaceutics

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The use of drug-loaded microbubbles for targeted drug delivery, particularly in cancer treatment, has been extensively studied in recent years. However, the loading capacity of microbubbles has been limited due to their surface area. Typically, drug molecules are loaded on or within the shell, or drug-loaded nanoparticles are coated on the surfaces of microbubbles. To address this significant limitation, we have introduced a novel approach. For the first time, we employed a transmembrane ammonium sulfate and pH gradient to load doxorubicin in a crystallized form in the core of polymeric microcapsules. Subsequently, we created remotely loaded microbubbles (RLMBs) through the sublimation of the liquid core of the microcapsules. Remotely loaded microcapsules exhibited an 18-fold increase in drug payload compared with physically loaded microcapsules. Furthermore, we investigated the drug release of RLMBs when exposed to an ultrasound field. After 120 s, an impressive 82.4 ± 5.5% of the loaded doxorubicin was released, demonstrating the remarkable capability of remotely loaded microbubbles for on-demand drug release. This study is the first to report such microbubbles that enable rapid drug release from the core. This innovative technique holds great promise in enhancing drug loading capacity and advancing targeted drug delivery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Loading: The Missing Piece for Achieving High Drug Payload and Rapid Release in Polymeric Microbubbles

Rastegar,

Salman,

Sirsi

2023

Pharmaceutics

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“…When using microspheres as a carrier system, immune tolerance or the immune response can be selectively induced through a single low dose of antigen administered orally. Due to their small diameter, microspheres can carry antigens and selectively deliver them to PP nodes and the systemic lymphatic system ( 107 ). Microspheres also release antigens slowly and in controlled amounts, resulting in a significant reduction in the required antigen dose ( 108 ).…”

Section: Feasibility and Challenges Of Oral Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development of oral vaccines (Review)

Liu,

Lam,

Luan

et al. 2024

Exp Ther Med

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Oral immunization can elicit an effective immune response and immune tolerance to specific antigens. When compared with the traditional injection route, delivering antigens via the gastrointestinal mucosa offers superior immune effects and compliance, as well as simplicity and convenience, making it a more optimal route for immunization. At present, various oral vaccine delivery systems exist. Certain modified bacteria, such as Salmonella , Escherichia coli and particularly Lactobacillus , are considered promising carriers for oral vaccines. These carriers can significantly enhance immunization efficiency by actively replicating in the intestinal tract following oral administration. The present review provided a discussion of the main mechanisms of oral immunity and the research progress made in the field of oral vaccines. Additionally, it introduced the advantages and disadvantages of the currently more commonly administered injectable COVID-19 vaccines, alongside the latest advancements in this area. Furthermore, recent developments in oral vaccines are summarized, and their potential benefits and side effects are discussed.

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“…Over the last decades, the functions of embolic microspheres are increasing, such as drug and radioisotope delivery [289][290][291] and imageability. 292,293 The most common function of embolic microspheres is drug loading and has already been commercially available, such as DC Bead s , LifePearl s and Hepasphere s .…”

Section: Embolic Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%