Microsomal oxidases in the house fly: A survey of fourteen strains

Schonbrod, R. D.; Khan, Mohammad Zafar; Terriere, L. C.; Plapp, Frederick W.

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(68)90122-7

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…These results indicate that HEOD (dieldrin) metabolism in vivo by the house fly parallels the rat's oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism of HEOD as described by Matthews and Matsumura (1969). The house fly strain used is known to have a low level of microsomal oxidase activity (Schonbrod et al 1968) and this fact probably accounts for the low level of HEOD (dieldrin) metabolism.…”

Section: In Vivo Metabolism Of Heod (Dieldrin) By House Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dieldrin (HEOD) metabolism in cockroaches and house flies

Nelson

Matsumura

1973

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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When carbon-14-1abeled HEOD (dieldrin) is injected into the American cockroach, German cockroach, and house fly, metabolism takes place forming radioactive metabolites which have been isolated and identified by thin-layer chromatographic methods. The major metabolite of dieldrin in the American cockroach is cis-aldrindiol. This is the first report of cis-aldrindiol being formed as a dieldrin metabolite and possible mechanisms for its formation are given. Other dieldrin metabolites identified or characterized indicate that both hydrolytic and oxidative systems are important in the metabolism of dieldrin by the three insect species studied. The in vitro metabolism of HEOD-14C by the fat body from the American cockroach also supports the above conclusion.

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Section: In Vivo Metabolism Of Heod (Dieldrin) By House Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dieldrin (HEOD) metabolism in cockroaches and house flies

Nelson

Matsumura

1973

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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“…The aqueous phase was recycled through an Amberlite XAD-2 (Rohm and Haas) column (4 by 50 cm) for 1.5 hours. This column, originally used for isolating steroid conjugates (8), retained 95 percent of the radioactivity contained in the aqueous phase. Radioactivity retained by the column was completely eluted with 1.5 liters of methanof, and the eluate was reduced to dryness (fraction 2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Permeation of Dry Seeds with Chemicals: Use of Dichloromethane

Meyer

Mayer

1971

Science

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“…Insects: The three housefly strains used in the study have been characterized according to their resistance spectrum and their microsomal activity (Schonbrod et al, 1968). The dieldrin-curly wing (dield;cyw) strain is resistant to dieldrin and low in microsomal oxidase activity.…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T a Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inducibility and microsomal oxidase activity: Gil et al, (1968) have suggested that induction in the housefly depends upon the presence of active oxidative systems and is likely to occur only in certain resistant strains. We have investigated this point further in a study with three housefly strains, all-resistant to dieldrin, but each possessing a different level of microsomal oxidase activity (Schonbrod et al, (1968)). These strains are described in the Methods section.…”

Section: Mortality Due Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such cases the deleterious effect of the agent might offset any advantageous (inductive) effects. In our studies we have avoided this problem by the use of the dieldrin-curly wing strain of houseflies which is resistant to, the inducing agent but possesses a comparatively inactive microsomal oxidase system (Schonbrod et al, 1968). We reasoned that the in vitro (microsomal) response of this strain, compared to that found in other, microsomally more active, strains, would indicate the nature of the relationship between resistance and induction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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INDUCTION OF MICROSOMAL OXIDASES BY DIELDRIN IN MUSCA DOMESTICA

Walker

Terriere

1970

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Dieldrin is a potent inducer of microsomal naphthalene hydroxylase and heptachlor epoxidase in the housefly, causing up to five‐fold increases in the activities of these enzymes. The activation of these detoxifying enzymes is also demonstrated in vivo by a reduction in the susceptibility of the dieldrin‐treated insects to carbaryl. The inductive effect is prevented in insects treated with the drug cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Dieldrintreated flies also incorporate more amino acid into protein. Under similar experimental conditions, DDT is a less effective inducer. Three housefly strains, all resistant to dieldrin but with differing levels of microsomal oxidase activity, were compared in terms of dieldrin dose, rate of appearance of the inductive effect, response on aging, and response to a second treatment with dieldrin. All of the strains, both male and female, were induced, as indicated by increased epoxidation of heptachlor. However, the strain with the lowest pretreatment microsomal oxidase activity, dieldrin‐curly wing, responded least while the strain with the highest basal microsomal oxidase activity, Isolan, responded most to the dieldrin treatment. Comparing the three strains on the basis of maximum increases in heptachlor epoxide production, induction in the Isolan and Orlando strains was approximately three and two times, respectively, that found in the dieldrin‐curly wing strain. It is suggested that this difference in response to the inducing agent represents differences in the number of structural genes for oxidase synthesis in the three strains. The results are discussed in terms of genetic control. Résumé INDUCTION DES OXYDASES MICROSOMIALES PAR LA DIELDRINE CHEZ MUSCA DOMESTICA Chez la mouche domestique, la dieldrine est un inducteur efficace de la naphtalène‐hydroxylase et de l'heptachlore‐epoxydase, augmentant jusqu'à cinq fois l'activité de ces enzymes. L'activation de ces enzymes de détoxification est démontrée aussi in vivo, par une baisse de la sensibilité au carbaryl des insectes traités à la Dieldrine. L'effet inducteur est supprimé par un inhibiteur de la synthèse des protéines, la cyclo‐heximide. De même l'incorporation des acides aminés dans les protéines est diminuée chez les mouches traitées à la Dieldrine. Dans des conditions expérimentales équivalentes, le D.D.T. est un inducteur moins efficace. Trois souches de mouches domestiques, toutes les trois résistantes à la Dieldrine, mais dont les oxydases possèdent des niveaux d'activité différents, ont été comparées pour les facteurs suivants: dose de Dieldrine, taux d'apparition de l'effet inducteur, âge, et effet d'un second traitement à la Dieldrine. L'induction se vérifia, dans toutes les souches, à la fois chez les mâles et les femelles, par une augmentation du taux d'époxydation de l'heptachlore. Cependant, la souche possédant à l'origine la plus faible activité oxydasique, la souche «dieldrin‐curly wing», a une réponse inférieure à la souche «Isolan» dont les oxydases possèdent la plus forte activité originel...

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Microsomal oxidases in the house fly: A survey of fourteen strains

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Dieldrin (HEOD) metabolism in cockroaches and house flies

Dieldrin (HEOD) metabolism in cockroaches and house flies

Permeation of Dry Seeds with Chemicals: Use of Dichloromethane

INDUCTION OF MICROSOMAL OXIDASES BY DIELDRIN IN MUSCA DOMESTICA

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