“…It was found that one prevalent type of growth defect in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown PbSe epitaxial layers, the so-called 'cuboid growth pits', was composed of single or multiple micrometre-sized PbSe crystals with their geometric structures embedded in the PbSe (1 1 1) epilayers [9]. For the prevailing II-VI and III-V materials such as Hg 1−x Cd x Te and In 1−x Ga x As, the formation of various growth defects such as twins, craters, hillocks and V-shaped defects has been intensively studied and different models have been proposed to explain the growth mechanisms [10][11][12]. To the best of our knowledge, similar studies of IV-VI materials have not been done.…”