Microscopy capabilities of the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer

Hecht, M. H.; Marshall, John R.; Pike, W. T.; Staufer, U.; Blaney, D. L.; Braendlin, Dominik; Gautsch, S.; Goetz, W.; Hidber, H. R.; Keller, H. U.; Markiewicz, W. J.; Mazer, A.; Meloy, T.P.; Morookian, John Michael; Mogensen, C.; Parrat, D.; Smith, P. G.; Sykulska, H.; Tanner, R.J.; Reynolds, R.; Tonin, A.; Vijendran, S.; Weilert, M.; Woida, Patrick M.

doi:10.1029/2008je003077

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The optical extinction coefficient derived from the LIDAR signal can then be related to the ice-water content (IWC) profile to resolve the internal structure of water-ice clouds (Whiteway et al 2009;Daerden et al 2010;Dickinson et al 2010;Moores et al 2011). In addition, Phoenix's Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe (TECP) was used to measure subsurface and near-surface temperature, conductivity, permittivity and humidity (Hecht et al 2008;Zent et al 2009). The TECP consisted of a single electronics box, fitted with four needles, which could be inserted into the Martian soil, and was mounted on the Phoenix Robotic Arm.…”

Section: Phoenix Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

et al. 2017

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We analyze the complete set of in-situ meteorological data obtained from the Viking landers in the 1970s to today's Curiosity rover to review our understanding of the modern near-surface climate of Mars, with focus on the dust, CO 2 and H 2 O cycles and their impact on the radiative and thermodynamic conditions near the surface. In particular, we provide values of the highest confidence possible for atmospheric opacity, atmospheric pressure, near-surface air temperature, ground temperature, near-surface wind speed and direction, and near-surface air relative humidity and water vapor content. Then, we study the diurnal, seasonal and interannual variability of these quantities over a span of more thanThe original version of this article was revised because due to an unfortunate turn of events a wrong value was published in Table 1. The resolution of the PHX pressure sensor was published as "0.1 mbar" whereas this value has now been corrected to "0.1 Pa" which is the correct value and should be regarded as the final version by the reader. B G.M. Martínez

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Section: Phoenix Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

et al. 2017

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“…The MECA magnets will work as substrates holding the samples for investigation by AFM and OM. For details see Hecht et al [2008]. Furthermore the MECA magnets will be used to estimate the saturation magnetization of the particle samples held by the substrates.…”

Section: Description Of the Magnetic Properties Experiments On Phoenixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic properties experiments and the Surface Stereo Imager calibration target onboard the Mars Phoenix 2007 Lander: Design, calibration, and science goals

et al. 2008

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The first NASA scout mission to Mars, Phoenix, launched 4 August will land in the northern part of Mars in the locality of 68°N and 233°E on 25 May 2008. Part of the science payload is the Magnetic Properties Experiments (MPE) that consists of two main experiments: the Improved Sweep Magnet Experiment (ISWEEP) and 10 sets of two Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer (MECA) magnet substrates with embedded permanent magnets of different strength. The ISWEEP experiment is, as the name indicates, an improved version of the Sweep Magnet Experiments flown onboard the two Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The sweep magnet is ring shaped and is designed to allow only nonmagnetic particles to enter a small circular area at the center of the surface of this structure. Results from this experiment have shown that on the MERs hardly any particles can be detected in the central area of this ring‐shaped magnet. From this we have concluded that essentially all particles in the Martian atmosphere are magnetic in the sense that they are attracted to permanent magnets. In order to improve the sensitivity of the Sweep Magnet Experiment for detection of nonmagnetic or very weakly magnetic particles, the ISWEEP holds six ring‐shaped magnets, somewhat larger than the sweep magnet of the MERs, and with six different background colors in the central area. The six different colors provide new possibilities for improved contrast between these background colors, i.e., any putative nonmagnetic particles should render these more easily detectable. The Surface Stereo Imager will also take advantage of the small clean areas in the ISWEEPs and use the presumably constant colors for radiometric calibration of images. The MECA magnets work as substrates in the MECA microscopy experiments; they are built to attract and hold magnetic particles from dust samples. The collected dust will then be examined by the optical microscope and the atomic force microscope in the MECA package.

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“…According to the analytical considerations on various geometries of nanomechanical sensors [20] and the know-how on microfabrication developed so far [13–15,17,21,22], we made several modifications on each part of the MSS design as follows: Narrower sensing beams with thinner geometryThinner passivation layers on piezoresistorsShallower piezoresistors with lower doping levelElimination of negative regions in piezoresistors…”

Section: Improvement In Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Dimensional Array of Piezoresistive Nanomechanical Membrane-Type Surface Stress Sensor (MSS) with Improved Sensitivity

Yoshikawa

Akiyama

Loizeau

et al. 2012

Sensors

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We present a new generation of piezoresistive nanomechanical Membrane-type Surface stress Sensor(MSS) chips, which consist of a two dimensional array of MSS on a single chip. The implementation of several optimization techniques in the design and microfabrication improved the piezoresistive sensitivity by 3∼4 times compared to the first generation MSS chip, resulting in a sensitivity about ∼100 times better than a standard cantilever-type sensor and a few times better than optical read-out methods in terms of experimental signal-to-noise ratio. Since the integrated piezoresistive read-out of the MSS can meet practical requirements, such as compactness and not requiring bulky and expensive peripheral devices, the MSS is a promising transducer for nanomechanical sensing in the rapidly growing application fields in medicine, biology, security, and the environment. Specifically, its system compactness due to the integrated piezoresistive sensing makes the MSS concept attractive for the instruments used in mobile applications. In addition, the MSS can operate in opaque liquids, such as blood, where optical read-out techniques cannot be applied.

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Microscopy capabilities of the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

The Modern Near-Surface Martian Climate: A Review of In-situ Meteorological Data from Viking to Curiosity

Magnetic properties experiments and the Surface Stereo Imager calibration target onboard the Mars Phoenix 2007 Lander: Design, calibration, and science goals

Two Dimensional Array of Piezoresistive Nanomechanical Membrane-Type Surface Stress Sensor (MSS) with Improved Sensitivity

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