Microscopic Simulation of Evacuation Processes on Passenger Ships

Klüpfel, Hubert; Meyer-König, T.; Wahle, Joachim; Schreckenberg, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0709-5_8

Cited by 81 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As a consequence, pedestrian research mainly focusses on agent-based models of pedestrian crowds, which also allow one to consider local coordination problems. The "social force model" [25,26] is maybe the most well-known of these models, but we also like to mention cellular automata of pedestrian dynamics [27,28,29,30,31,32,33] and AI-based models [34,35].…”

Section: Short History Of Pedestrian Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

Helbing

Johansson

2011

Extreme Environmental Events

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Article OutlineThis contribution describes efforts to model the behavior of individual pedestrians and their interactions in crowds, which generate certain kinds of selforganized patterns of motion. Moreover, this article focusses on the dynamics of crowds in panic or evacuation situations, methods to optimize building designs for egress, and factors potentially causing the breakdown of orderly motion. GlossaryCollective Intelligence: Emergent functional behavior of a large number of people that results from interactions of individuals rather than from individual reasoning or global optimization. Crowd: Agglomeration of many people in the same area at the same time. The density of the crowd is assumed to be high enough to cause continuous interactions with or reactions to other individuals. Crowd Turbulence: Unanticipated and unintended irregular motion of individuals into different directions due to strong and rapidly changing forces in crowds of extreme density. Emergence: Spontaneous establishment of a qualitatively new behavior through non-linear interactions of many objects or subjects. Evolutionary Optimization: Gradual optimization based on the effect of frequently repeated random mutations and selection processes based on some success function ("fitness"). Faster-is-Slower Effect: This term reflects the observation that certain processes (in evacuation situations, production, traffic dynamics, or logistics) take more time if performed at high speed. In other words, waiting can often help to coordinate the activities of several competing units and to speed up the average progress. Freezing-by-Heating Effect: Noise-induced blockage effect caused by the breakdown of direction-segregated walking patterns (typically two or more "lanes" characterized by a uniform direction of motion). "Noise" means frequent variations of the walking direction due to nervousness or impatience in the crowd, e.g. also frequent overtaking maneuvers in dense, slowly moving crowds.

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Section: Short History Of Pedestrian Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computer models have been also developed for emergency and evacuation situations [32,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71]. Most research into panic, however, has been of empirical nature (see, e.g.…”

Section: Evacuation and Panic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

Helbing

Johansson

2011

Extreme Environmental Events

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“…The methods take advantage of more freedom of the individual evacuees on the routes contrary to vehicle movements. These simulators exploiting the cellular automata design partially take some behavioural effects of the evacuees into account, e.g., (Kluepfel et al 2000;Doheny and Fraser, 1996;Hamacher and Tjandra, 2002). Kneidl et al (2010) couple a microscopic model based on cellular automata with a macroscopic model based on dynamic network optimization.…”

Section: Simulation Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Transportation Network Models in Emergency Planning of Cities

Dhamala

Pyakurel

2016

CPP

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Transportation network models within the framework of operations research have been established as one of the emerging field of research frontiers in today's very disastrous life and dense traffic system. The discrete as well as continuous flow over time models have been widely considered by social, engineering and applied scientists with wide varieties of real-life problems, like rush hour traffic and traffic management at the time of any disaster. Among the PPRR classification issues, the concentration will be given within the planning approach with transportation networks for urban cities.We present the models and solution strategies of the transportation networks that are dynamic in nature and directly apply in rush hour traffic or human-made or natural disasters in the urban cities. The difficulty levels of the varieties of algorithms, efficiencies of their solution software and the significance of the obtained solutions for the betterment of modern city plan are discussed with wide spectrum of model diversity. Among many others, we illustrate, also supporting with a case study, the impact of recent Nepal Earthquake 2015 and the meaningfulness of effective evacuation planning for saving the property and people in urban city like, Kathmandu, valley.The high performance of the technique of lane reversals in transportation or evacuation networks which has already been adopted a lot in practice, but has been analytically studied only recently are focused in this paper. Adopted this dynamic transportation strategy, the flow in the transportation can be doubled, the time can be saved significantly and many transportation arcs can be utilized for logistic supports or for emergency vehicles whenever necessary. Improved results are presented and the importance of integrated models dependent on time and vehicles is explored. The optimal solution thus obtained with contraflow, logistic supports and facility location at appropriate positions of transportation network proves the significance of these models in emergency planning.

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“…BYPASS [12], a simple cellular-automaton based model. "Virtual Environment for Life On Ships" (VELOS) is a multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) system that supports designers to assess (early in the design process) passenger and crew activities on a ship for both normal and hectic conditions of operations and to improve the ship design accordingly [13].…”

Section: Evac [11]mentioning

confidence: 99%

VELOS: A VR platform for ship-evacuation analysis

Ginnis

Κώστας

Politis

et al. 2010

Computer-Aided Design

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"Virtual Environment for Life On Ships" (VELOS) is a multi-user Virtual Reality(VR) system that aims to support designers to assess (early in the design process) passenger and crew activities on a ship for both normal and hectic conditions of operations and to improve ship design accordingly. This paper focuses on presenting the novel features of VELOS related to both its VR and evacuation-specific functionalities. These features include: i) capability of multiple users' immersion and active participation in the evacuation process, ii) real-time interactivity and capability for making on-the-fly alterations of environment events and crowd-behavior parameters, iii) capability of agents and avatars to move continuously on decks, iv) integrated framework for both the simplified and the advanced method of analysis according to the IMO/MSC 1033 Circular, v) enrichment of the ship geometrical model with a topological model suitable for evacuation analysis, vi) efficient interfaces for the dynamic specifi-* Manuscript (2nd REVISION) 2 cation and handling of the required heterogeneous input data, and vii) post processing of the calculated agent trajectories for extracting useful information for the evacuation process. VELOS evacuation functionality is illustrated using three evacuation test cases for a ro-ro passenger ship.

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Microscopic Simulation of Evacuation Processes on Passenger Ships

Cited by 81 publications

References 13 publications

Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics

Significance of Transportation Network Models in Emergency Planning of Cities

VELOS: A VR platform for ship-evacuation analysis

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