MicroRNAs—The Heart of Post-Myocardial Infarction Remodeling

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most frequent cardiac emergencies, with significant potential for mortality. One of the major challenges of the post-MI healing response is that replacement fibrosis could lead to left ventricular remodeling (LVR) and heart failure (HF). This process involves canonical and non-canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways translating into an intricate activation of cardiac fibroblasts and disproportionate collagen synthesis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly contribute to the modulation of these signaling pathways. This review summarizes the recent updates regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of the over 30 miRNAs involved in post-MI LVR. In addition, we compare the contradictory roles of several multifunctional miRNAs and highlight their potential use in pressure overload and ischemia-induced fibrosis. Finally, we discuss their attractive role as prognostic biomarkers for HF, highlighting the most relevant human trials involving these miRNAs.

The Regulation Mechanisms and Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Myocardial Infarction: A Review of the Recent 5 Years

“…One study examined that the expression of miR-21 was up-regulated in MI mice and miR-21 regulates human peripheral blood-derived sEVs (PB-sEVs), which consisted with H9C2 cells exposed to hypoxia. And down-regulated miR-21 level by PB-sEVs improved MI mice's survival rates and cardiac function ( 16 ).…”

The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases

“…The mechanism of miRNAs action is based on the inhibition of protein translation process or direct degradation of mRNA of the target genes through binding of miRNAs to the complementary region of the target mRNA molecule [ 130 ]. Much data is available confirming the participation of miRNAs in the process of physiological regulation of the heart function and also in the progression of cardiovascular diseases [ 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ].…”

The clinical diagnostic value of plasma miR-592 and miR-217-3p levels in retinoblastoma

“…This study aims to evaluate the abnormal expression of plasma miR-592 and miR-217-3p in Rb patients and explore the clinical diagnostic value of their expression levels for Rb. In recent years, miRNA has been an important biomarker for diagnosing different diseases (39,40). miRNAs play an important regulatory role in various biological processes, such as embryonic development and organ formation (41).…”